Encomienda and repartimiento Silver Bellwork Which of the two Spanish labor systems were used mostly for mining? Encomienda and repartimiento What impact did the pesos have on the Chinese economy? Became major currency, widely used, used to buy opium

Objective WWBAT: Introduce the rise and organization of the Ottoman Empire

Interactive Notebook Setup 2/15/2016 Rise of the Ottoman Empire This will be one pages

The Ottoman Empire Ottoman Expansion Devsirme

From 1300 to 1700, three “gunpowder empires” dominated parts of Europe, Africa, & Asia The Safavid Empire The Mughal Empire The Ottoman Empire Three of the great empires of history—the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia, and the Mughals in India—emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th centuries. As powerful societies moved to expand their empires, Turkish, Persian, Mongol, and Arab ways of life blended. The result was a flowering of Islamic culture that peaked in the 16th century. The rulers of all three great Muslim empires of this era based their authority on Islam. They based their power on strong armies, advanced technology, and loyal administrative officers.

These empires were unique but shared some similarities: All 3 empires were able to conquer neighboring people because they formed strong armies using rifles & artillery Three of the great empires of history—the Ottomans in Turkey, the Safavids in Persia, and the Mughals in India—emerged in the Muslim world between the 14th and the 18th centuries. As powerful societies moved to expand their empires, Turkish, Persian, Mongol, and Arab ways of life blended. The result was a flowering of Islamic culture that peaked in the 16th century. The rulers of all three great Muslim empires of this era based their authority on Islam. They based their power on strong armies, advanced technology, and loyal administrative officers. All 3 empires were Islamic & ruled by Muslim leaders with well-organized gov’ts made up of loyal bureaucrats All 3 empires blended their culture with neighboring societies to create a high point of Islamic culture

The Ottoman Empire Around 1300, Nomadic Muslim Turks of Anatolia were unified & formed the Ottoman Empire The Ottomans used muskets & cannons to form a powerful army & expand their territory

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries The Ottoman Empire was, in many respects, an Islamic successor to earlier Mediterranean empires — namely the Roman and Byzantine empires In fact, they claimed they were the inheritors of the two Romes

Ottoman Empire In general the Ottomans ruled over conquered peoples with kindness Locals leaders were appointed to positions as governors of their regions called pashas Pashas came from all religious backgrounds

Ottoman Empire Muslims had to serve in the army, but were exempt from a tax Non-Muslims had to pay the tax, but did not have to serve in the army

The Ottoman Military The Ottoman army included 30,000 elite soldiers called janissaries who were slaves that were trained to be loyal to the government zanbūrak

Janissaries

Devsirme Starting in the 1300’s the Ottomans occasionally collected what is called a devsirme from the Balkans A devsirme is a human tax of young Christian males who were converted to Islam and then trained for either military service or government administration

Devsirme The devsirme process was developed in order to prevent a hereditary aristocracy developing Devsirme went on to serve as the most important military leaders and government positions This ensured there was no real group to challenge the power of the sultan

Ottoman Expansion In 1453, the Ottomans attacked Constantinople & conquered the Byzantine Empire

Golden Horn – 15c

The Fall of Constantinople: 1453

“Europeans” vs. Turks

The End of the Byzantine Empire

Hagia Sophia is “converted”

Hagia Sophia - interior

Siege of Constantinople, 1453

Ottoman Expansion In 1453 the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople made it the dominant power in the Eastern Mediterranean Military and naval conquests expanded the empire as well as trade Growth also due to new trade and routes between Europe and Asia. Trade and military alliances with other “European” powers

The Ottoman Empire By the late 1600s, the Ottomans had expanded into the Middle East, Northern Africa, & Eastern Europe

Ottoman Expansion In the 16th century Under Selim and Suleiman, the empire became a dominant naval force, controlling much of the Mediterranean Sea Among the conquest of Tunis and Algeria from Spain and the evacuation of Muslims and Jews from Spain to the safety of Ottoman lands during the Spanish Inquisition