Formatting and Citation Review

Author. Title. Publisher, Year. Work Cited Author. Title. Publisher, Year.

Work Cited Use TNR 12 Center this: Work(s) Cited Left-justify entry Use hanging indent if necessary (the 2nd + lines will be indented, but not the first) Alphabetize

Format Start with an MLA header, and type your last name and the page number in the upper right of each page (space between). Indent each new paragraph. Use Times New Roman 12 font Set your spacing to “before: 0” and “after: 0”. Then choose double spaced.

The Title Center it at the top of the first page. Always capitalize the first word Capitalize all other words in the title, except for articles (the, a, an) and small prepositions fewer than 5 letters (on, of). DO NOT underline, bold, or put your title in quotes. It should be in NORMAL FONT

Formal Language Avoid using “I”, “you,” “us,” and “we.” Do not use contractions (don’t, won’t, haven’t, etc). Stay in the present tense to discuss what HAPPENS in the book.

Set up the quotes with a lead-in phrase or clause… One of the most obvious themes in the novel is stated explicitly in the final chapter: "Be true! Be true! Be true!" (Hawthorne 184). Huck narrates, “Humans can be awful cruel to each other” (45).

Short Quotations (under 4 lines) Enclose quoted material within normal quotation marks. Provide the author and specific page citation in the text within a parenthetical. (Ex: (Miller 43)) Remove punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons at the end of a quotation; then place the desired punctuation after the parenthetical citation. Leave in question marks and exclamation points.

Long Quotes: An Example

Rules for Long Quotes If the passage is more than four lines long when typed out, place the quotation in a free-standing block of text by hitting enter and then tabbing twice for the whole block. Leave out the quotation marks. If someone is speaking, do put quotation marks in, however. Your parenthetical citation should now come after the closing punctuation mark. It’s opposite to the short quote rules.

Quoting Dialogue The youngest woman in the crowd at the scaffold is not nearly so harsh as the older women. She seems to feel sorry for Hester when she says, “‘Ah, but, [ . . . ] let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart’” (Hawthorne 36). There are THREE marks surrounding this quotation because someone is speaking aloud.

Rules for Dialogue You must show that you are quoting dialogue by using single quotation marks around the spoken words. The double quotation marks around the very outside edges of the quote show that YOU are quoting the book. The single marks show that whatever is inside them was SAID BY A CHARACTER. You may quote something with narrator and dialogue, like this: “do dee do ‘blah blah’” (Hawthorne 33).

Adding words for clarity with brackets Pearl seems to be a figure of purity and hope in the forest chapters. The narrator says, “to judge from the bright expression that was dancing on Pearl's features, her mother could have fancied that the child had absorbed [the sunlight] into herself, and would give it forth again, with a gleam about her path, as they should plunge into some gloomier shade” (Hawthorne 121).

Removing Words -- Brackets with Ellipsis Dimmesdale calls to Hester to help him climb the scaffold. He seems to need her strength to support him in completing the difficult task of confessing his sin: “‘Hester Prynne, [ . . . ] come hither now, and twine thy strength about me! Thy strength, Hester; but let it be guided by the will which God hath granted me!’” (159).

Paraphrased Material If you talk about something that happened in the novel, but you are putting it into your own words and not using a direct quote of a passage, YOU STILL MUST CITE THE PAGE NUMBER

Paraphrased Material Hester and Dimmesdale decide to run away when they are in the forest (Hawthorne 126).