AP Gov Review: Unit #3 In 10 Minutes! Everything You Need To Know About Unit #3 In 10 Minutes!

Political Parties Function of Parties: Linkage institution, pick candidates, provide info to voters, vocalize policies Parties exist on national, state, and local levels Open Primary: Voters can vote in primaries WITHOUT registering with a party Closed Primary: Only voters that are registered with a party can vote in a primary

History of Political Parties Washington’s Farewell Address: Warned of political parties 1st Party System: Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans 2nd Party System: Whigs vs. Democrats Republican Party: Formed in 1850s - nonextention of slavery Civil War - 1920s Democrats vs. Republicans - differed over tariffs and gold standard

History of Political Parties **Election of 1932**: New Deal Coalition: Unions, Catholics, urban areas, and African Americans tended to support Democrats at this time **Election of 1968**: Nixon focused on states’ rights, strong military, and law and order The South began to support Republicans

History of Political Parties 3rd Parties: Often focus on a single issue - if a major party adapts their ideas, the party disappears

Impact of Political Parties on Politics Party Identification provides valuable info to voters “Presidential coattails” - not as applicable in recent years

Electoral Laws Under the Constitution, voting laws were left to states: Amendments that increased democracy - 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th Voting Rights Act of 1965 Electoral College - elects the president States’ electoral votes based on representation in Congress No Electoral majority? 12th Amendment - House decides on top 3 candidates

Interest Groups Groups that seek to influence public policy 4 types: Economic - labor interests - unions; business interests Environmental - focus on issues such as pollution, oil drilling, etc. Equality - NAACP, NOW Consumer - focus on product safety - Ralph Nader Interest groups LOBBY and use Political Action Committees (PACs)

Interest Group Activities Interest groups seek to influence policy by: Lobbying - persuade politicians/write legislation Electioneering - financial assistance (PACs) $5,000 per candidate, per election (primary AND general); $15,000 per party Litigation - Civil Rights in the 1950 - Brown v. Board Amicus Curiae briefs - groups file depositions to the court describing how a ruling would impact them Going Public - Using TV, newspapers, etc. to spread message

News Media 4 major types: Print, Broadcast (radio), TV, Internet (fastest growing) Media is a linkage institution Connects people to the government Report on campaigns: “horse-race journalism” - focus on polls, not issues Press Secretary - President (and other politicians) - meet with the press regularly Media Bias - different outlets may have different ideologies Over the years, news media has been concentrated in fewer hands

Quick Recap Closed vs. Open Primary History of Political Parties Elections of 1932 and 1968 Amendments/laws that increase democracy Interest groups and ways they influence policy Types of news media Horse-race journalism

See You Back Here For Unit 4 In 10 Minutes! Thanks for watching Best of luck this year