Fetac 6 Global Development Day 5 - Migration

Migration Crisis More and more people are on the move today compared to any other point in human history. An estimate 200 million will be on move due to climate change by 2050

Often displaced or moving to cities Numbers of Migrants All migrants One Billion or 1 in 7 Live in own country 763 million Often displaced or moving to cities International 244 million (3.3%) Up by 41% in the last 15 years In 2015, two-thirds (67%) of all international migrants were living in just 20 countries, mainly US, Germany, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, UK, UAE, Canada, France, France, Australia, Spain

Why Migrate? War, conflict, natural disaster Forced Migrants Forced War, conflict, natural disaster Persecution on grounds of race , ethnicity etc Voluntary Better standard of living, family reunion Reluctant Not forced but not desired

Causes of Migration

Globalisation More inequality More damage to environment More precarious and zero contract work More exploitation of natural resources – displacement More rural - urban migration

Inequality

Nafta Free Trade Agreement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmD9z3huPv0

Trends in Global Migration

Migration by Continent

Terminology for Forced Migrants (1 in 122 people in world) Refugee A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence. A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. Internally Displaced Person (IDP) An internally displaced person (IDP) is a person who has been forced to flee his or her home for the same reason as a refugee, but remains in his or her own country and has not crossed an international border. Unlike refugees, IDPs are not protected by international law or eligible to receive many types of aid Asylum Seeker When people flee their own country and seek sanctuary in another country, they apply for asylum – the right to be recognized as a refugee and receive legal protection and material assistance. An asylum seeker must demonstrate that his or her fear of persecution in his or her home country is well-founded.

Forced Migration

Forced Migration Conflict and violence have forcibly displaced 60 million people worldwide, over 38 million of whom are internally displaced, and 19 million refugees. This is the highest number of displaced persons the world has seen since World War II. In mid-2015, there were more than four million registered Syrian refugees (UN) Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Nigeria, South Sudan and Syria accounted for 60 per cent of new displacement In Syria, every 60 seconds one family flees because of the civil war

Where are displaced living?

Consequences of Migration POSITIVE NEGATIVE MIGRANT HOST COMMUNITY/COUNTRY COMMUNITY LEFT BEHIND

Population losing people Advantages Disadvantages Fewer people to be fed and housed Loss of young and most able Income sent home e.g. by Turkish "guestworkers" (gastarbeiter) in the German car industry Loss of young men creates an unbalanced population structure Reduces pressure on jobs and resources Loss of working age people Loss of those most likely to have education and skills Division of families Elderly population remains, so there's a higher death rate

For host population Advantages Disadvantages Cheap labour Language problems Helps overcome labour shortages Racial / ethnic tensions Immigrants are often prepared to do unskilled jobs Jobs lost to incoming workers Some immigrants are highly skilled Loss of those most likely to have education and skills Cultural diversity Pressure on housing and services. Immigrants tend to be less healthy, placing strain on the health service, and they tend to live in low quality housing Limited skills/education in immigrant population

European Migrant Crisis 1 million migrants and refugees to Europe in 2015, (280,000 in 2014). More than 135,000 people arriving in the first two months of 2016.  In 2015 more than 3,770 people drowned in Mediterranean

Ireland and Migrant Crisis Ireland will take 4,000 people by the end of 2017. Committed to 2,600 asylum seekers from Greece and Italy but due to political and logistical obstacles, as well as low take-up, only 20 applicants. Government has also committed to taking in 520 refugees under a UNHCR , 176 Syrians/Iraqis have arrived Asylum applications in Ireland are increasing - 1,480 the total number of people to seek asylum in Ireland in the first six months of 2015. (2014 – 1444, 2013-946) According to an analysis by TheJournal.ie of data from the UNHCR (the UN Refugee Agency), Ireland ranks poorly among European nations for our administrative treatment of asylum-seekers over the last few years, by several different measures. http://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-asylum-refugee-status-compared-to-rest-of-world-2310580-Sep2015/

Migrants in Ireland The overall percentage of people living in Ireland with a nationality other than Irish is now 12%, compared to just over 10% in 2006. In April 2011, there were just over 122,000 Poles recorded by the Census. With around 112,000, the second largest group was people from the UK, unchanged in number since 2006. However, the overall numbers have grown from around 420,000 in 2006 to just over 540,000 in 2011: an increase of 30%.

Asylum in Ireland

More leaving than arriving   April 2014 April 2015 Immigration 60,600 69,300 Emigration 81,900 80,900 Net migration -21,400 -11,600 of which Irish nationals -29,200 -23,200 Natural increase 37,900 37,400 Population change 16,500 25,800 Population 4,609,600 4,635,400 Since 1700 between 9 and 10 million people born in Ireland have emigrated. The diaspora contains all those known to have Irish ancestors, i.e., over 100 million people  Currently there are 1.2 million are Irish-born emigrants. 

Songs Would You Harbour Me – Sweet Honey in the Rock https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0XBXJjoXJ4 Ouvrez Les Frontieres – Tiken Jah Fakoly https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Fu2B7ijj8Y&list=RD5Fu2B7ijj8Y Pastures of Plenty – Lila Downs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEeVbx-AOxQ Missing you Christy Moore https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTVoNb5heIs