Happy Tuesday! Take the handouts from the table. I’ll hand back your four research articles.

4 Reading Day   5 Thesis and Argument handout (20 minutes); be finished by the end of the hour or HW. Start Note taking PPT (How to take notes handout) 6 Finish Note taking Thesis and Argument handout due 7 Outline (1) And Topic Sentences (2) 8 Outline (Due Mon) Work/DEAR day 11 Organization 12 4 Steps Work Time 13 14 15 One pager due 18 19 20 Final paper due 21 22 25 26 27 Grading Day No School-Students 28 Thanksgiving No School 29

Overview: Today, we will be starting your final paper—woo hoo! You already have some good research about your topic—now you just have to organize it and write about it. Today we will first talk about organization. Then, we will talk about how you will take notes from your articles.

Arguments and Thesis: The first thing you need to do is figure out the main arguments of both sides of your topic. Then, you will write a thesis sentence. The worksheet explains very clearly what you should do. Go ahead and read it. Then, fill it out. It is due tomorrow.

Organization: Today, we will begin organizing your information for your paper. When you do this, it is very very important to keep track of which info you get from which article. There is a VERY specific way we will be doing this. It is called MLA in-text citation. Let’s begin!

Citations: Find your first article. In the upper right corner of the SCARAB rubric, write the last name of the author, like this: Levitt Now, look at the grey box. Is there a page number? If so, write it after the author’s name. If not, don’t write anything. Levitt 32 Put the whole thing in parenthesis, like this: (Levitt 32) Do this for your other 3 sources. This is your citation for that source. Whenever a worksheet asks for the citation, this is what you will write. Whenever you use a piece of information from that article, that is what you will write. No author? More than one author? Raise your hand.

Now, get ready to take some notes.

Notes about notes: Today we will be about learning how to take good notes and when you should paraphrase or use a direct quote. It is important that you take good notes, listen and ask questions if you are confused. You will be expected to know how to do this in your paper. 1)

What you should know by the end of the presentation today: The difference between paraphrasing and quoting When to paraphrase and when to quote How to paraphrase without plagiarizing How to quote without plagiarizing How to cite your sources

What is the difference between paraphrasing and quoting? Paraphrasing = putting the author’s ideas totally and completely in your OWN words and your OWN voice. No “ ” Quoting = using the EXACT words and punctuation the original author used, without changing anything. Use “ ” (not dialogue) There is nothing in between. Under no circumstances should you EVER change some, but not all of an author’s words. It’s all or nothing! 2) 3)

How do I decide when to paraphrase and when to quote? Most (90%) of the time When the information is important, but the rhetoric is not. When to quote: Not very often (10% of the time). When the rhetoric is just as important as the information. It should be beautifully written.  When the person who said the quote is also very important to your argument 4)

How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? Be very very careful not to copy the original author’s: Words Phrases Sentence structure/order of ideas Voice or tone You also have to say where you got the info from. This is where your citation comes in. You put it after your paraphrase or quote. 5) 6)

How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? The original passage: Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. A plagiarized paraphrase: Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes *Wording and sentence structure too close to original, NO CITATION

How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? The original passage: Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

How do I paraphrase without accidentally plagiarizing? Original: Asking How Much Is Enough by Alan B. Durning The affluent life-style born in the United States is emulated by those who can afford it around the world. And many can: the average person today is 4.5 times richer than were his or her great-grandparents at the turn of the century. Paraphrase: Many people around the world try to emulate rich Americans’ lifestyles. More and more people can afford to do this because the average person today is 4.5 times richer than people at the beginning of the century (Durning 530). Number 7) on your note sheet: What do you think? Is this one good or bad? 7)

Let’s practice. Use these 3 methods: 1) Write in phrases Write this down! Paraphrasing: For this strategy, you must put the info in your own words: Let’s practice. Use these 3 methods: 1) Write in phrases 2) Change words 3) Change order of information 8)

1) Write in Phrases only Original Text: “Our Fitness Assessment Services provide members with a baseline for their fitness programs through tools such as body composition and metabolic testing. After establishing personal fitness goals, our fitness staff can assist you in creating a customized exercise program. Trainers can design a customized exercise program to help members meet their fitness goals” (“Fitness”).

1) Write in Phrases only Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Decide on personal fitness goals. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals.

Now it’s in phrases, but what’s still wrong with this paraphrase? Original Text: “Our Fitness Assessment Services provide members with a baseline for their fitness programs through tools such as body composition and metabolic testing. After establishing personal fitness goals, our fitness staff can assist you in creating a customized exercise program. Trainers can design a customized exercise program to help members meet their fitness goals” (“Fitness”). Our Paraphrase: Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Decide on personal fitness goals. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals. 9)

Now it’s in phrases, but what’s still wrong with this paraphrase? Original Text: “Our Fitness Assessment Services provide members with a baseline for their fitness programs through tools such as body composition and metabolic testing. After establishing personal fitness goals, our fitness staff can assist you in creating a customized exercise program. Trainers can design a customized exercise program to help members meet their fitness goals” (“Fitness”). Our Paraphrase: Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Decide on personal fitness goals. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals. The paraphrase above is wrong because there are four or more words in a row from the original text. This needs to be fixed or it is plagarism!

The fix? Step 2) Change Words Version #1 paraphrase Fitness Assessment Services = baseline for fitness programs. Body composition and metabolic testing. Fitness staff assist to create customized exercise program. Trainers help meet fitness goals. Version #2 paraphrase (better) Fitness Assessment Services = get started with exercise program. Trainers will do “Body composition and metabolic testing.” Staff at FAS helps make exercise program just for me. Trainers help create exercise based on my goals.

What else could we do? Step 3) Change Order of Info Version #2 paraphrase (better!) Fitness Assessment Services = get started with exercise program. “Body composition and metabolic testing.” Staff at FAS helps make exercise program just for me. Trainers help create exercise based on my goals. Version #3 paraphrase (best) Fitness Assessment Services = at Rec center, do “Body composition and metabolic testing,” help get started with exercise program. Staff at FAS helps make exercise program just for me. Trainers help create program based on my goals.

You try paraphrasing: I will give you a direct quote from a source. Use the 3 methods for paraphrasing to write a paraphrase on your note sheet. Look back at the notes you wrote for reference.

You try paraphrasing… Original text: After completing a complementary assessment, our fitness staff will combine your current fitness level with personal goals to design an Exercise Program tailored to your needs. Your fitness specialist will demonstrate all aspects of your program so that you have a clear understanding of equipment variations and proper form. 10)

Check: Trade note sheets with a partner. On your partner’s paraphrase, look for: Did your partner AVOID using words or phrases that are the same as the original text? Did your partner use phrases and abbreviations instead of complete sentences? Did your partner change up the order of the information? If you can answer YES to all these questions, tell your partner congrats! If not, explain what your partner missed.

How do I quote without accidentally plagiarizing? Be very very careful to: Copy the original author’s words exactly Don’t make any typos or forget any words Copy all the punctuation exactly Don’t take things out of context—this can change the meaning! Put quotation marks around ONLY the actual quote—not the citation: “blah” (Johnson 14). 11)

Remember: Either paraphrase or quote. There is nothing acceptable in between. You may NEVER change “part, but not all” of a text. Either way, you have to cite your source. Remember this? (Levitt 32) That is your citation. You put it right after your paraphrase or quote.

12) Paraphrasing Quoting

Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source

Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks.

Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote.

Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Plagiarism! Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Plagiarism! Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Plagiarism! Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Plagiarism! Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. Maybe I don’t cite my source, even though I used ideas from it. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Plagiarism! Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. Maybe I don’t cite my source, even though I used ideas from it. Maybe I use exact words from my source without putting quotation marks around them. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Plagiarism! Plagiarize! Don’t Paraphrasing Quoting I use Ideas, NOT WORDS, from my source. I use both exact words and ideas from my source Plagiarize! Every word and phrase is my own. The text is written in my own voice. I do NOT use quotation marks. Every word and phrase is EXACTLY the same as the source, punctuation and all. I use quotation marks. Don’t Maybe I mix and match--use some exact words from the source, AND some of my own words. Since I got the ideas from my source, I cite the source after I paraphrase. Since I got the words and ideas from my source, I cite the source after I quote. Maybe I don’t cite my source, even though I used ideas from it. Maybe I use exact words from my source without putting quotation marks around them. I use paraphrasing more often than quoting. I don’t use direct quotes very often.

Review: tell your neighbor: What’s the difference between paraphrasing and quoting? Why should you NEVER be in the middle? When do you have to put a citation after a piece of information? When do you have to put a piece of information in quotation marks?

Outline: Overview You will be taking notes directly onto your outline. You will be splitting up the info you want to use into your 4 subtopics. At this point, don’t worry about the order of information WITHIN the subtopics—just add it to your outline as you find it, and we’ll worry about arranging it later.

Outline: Overview Selection time: decide what you want to use in your paper from each article. Ok to pull a lot of info—you can cut down more later. Decide whether you want to paraphrase or quote that piece of info. Remember—not very many quotes Decide which subtopic it would fit under. Background, current status, pro, con If it doesn’t fit, don’t use it. Write in the citation.

Example: This is what your outline will look like: Example

Outline: You have the rest of the hour to work. If you haven’t finished your thesis worksheet, finish that first. It is due today. You will have all of tomorrow (Friday) to work on your outline. Friday, we will have a work/DEAR day. Your outline is due by the beginning of the hour Monday.