DNA Structure & Function

DNA Structure and Function

Structure Written Response #5: Draw and label a nucleotide. DNA is a nucleic acid made of repeating subunits called nucleotides Each nucleotide contains 3 parts: 5-carbon sugar A simple sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogen base Includes 4 different types:

Double Ringed Bases: Single Ringed Bases: Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)

Structure Nucleotides are linked together to form DNA molecules Twist in double helix joined by weak hydrogen bonds Sugar (Deoxyribose) and phosphate compose the backbone of the ladder Nitrogen base PAIRS compose the steps of the ladder Adenine pairs with Thymine Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Structure DNA goes through 3 very important processes to code for traits in all cells DNA replication Transcription Translation

Written Response #6 How is DNA connected to your traits? DNA determines your traits. What large structure is composed of DNA? A chromosome What two parts of the nucleotide make up the sides (backbones) of a DNA molecule? Sugar and phosphate (alternating) What makes up one rung “step” of the DNA “ladder”? Two nitrogen bases (A and T or C and G) What type of bond holds the rungs together? Weak hydrogen bonds

Functions of DNA Foldable Work with your table partner to create a 6-fold foldable like the image to the right. Cut the foldable in half to share with your table partner. Label each fold with the following headers: Functions of DNA Foldable Nucleotide DNA Genes Chromosomes Karyotype For each of the terms above, underneath the flap, complete the following: Draw a picture to represent the term Give a description of the item Its purpose.

Functions of DNA Foldable For the remaining slides, do NOT copy the information word for word. ONLY add information to your foldable that you do not already have.

Function Nucleotide Description: Repeating subunits that compose DNA or RNA; made of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base and a phosphate group. Purpose: Compose DNA, the sequence of bases determines genetic code of an individual

Function DNA Description: Deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded with bases (A, T, G, C); contains all the necessary information for life Purpose: Compose genes, provide info for protein synthesis

Function Genes Description: Segments of DNA that code for a specific trait; located on a chromosome Purpose:: Compose chromosomes, code for traits

Function Chromosome Description: Packages of genetic material; every normal human has 46 Purpose: Each contains specific genes, 23 pairs (one from each parent per pair

Function Karyotype Description: A picture of the chromosomes in an individual’s body in order of their homologous pairs (23 pairs in human body cells) Purpose: Display gender of chromosomal abnormalities