SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE Concept History:Originally conceived for service by search & rescue operations, compete with services like Argos but bi-directional. Personal location Buoys Scientific data Intermittent service Early 1990’s refocused design to provide better coverage Telematics Emergency Notification Low latency, very good coverage Mid 1990’s advent of low-cost GPS modules brings new applications Shipment Tracking Trailer Container Marine Boating Fishing Fleets 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE ORBCOMM Satellite 30 Satellites in Service Fully independent operation gives built-in redundancy Frequencies Uplink 148-150 MHz Downlink 137-138 MHz Payload Gateway Transceiver 57,600 bps Subscriber Transmitter 4,800/9,600 bps Subscriber Receiver 2,400 bps UHF Transmitter CW Nadir-pointing antenna Tracking solar arrays: 200 W peak Weight < 100 lbs 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE Why VHF? In early 1990’s downlink bands already approved for satellite bands, uplink frequencies had provisional approval from FCC for use in satellite operations. In1995 VHF satellite equipment was an order on magnitude cheaper than L band. VHF equipment was smaller and already space-rated. 2400 baud uplink allows lower spacecraft power (cheaper/smaller). Uplink was required to operate between pre-existing terrestrial services bands. DPQSK was a good choice at the time, good balance between bandwidth, signal strength, data rate, error correction. Now we might consider trading BW for power but keep same frequencies. 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Launch Vehicle and Payload Design Existing satellites were launched with the Orbital Sciences Pegasus The Pegasus is flown to 50k ft. via a L1011 aircraft. The rocket is dropped and ignited. Two stages lift the payload to 500 mile altitude. Eight satellites were delivered in one launch. Each one ejected from the bundle at the proper orbital spacing. The solar panels are dithered to cause braking. Each satellite also contains air jets.

ORBCOMM Satellite Overview Sun-Nadir Steered Configuration Vertical disk-shaped body with nadir oriented quad helix antennas Single-axis, dual panel solar array deployed normal to body VHF / UHF Communications Payload Seven channel subscriber uplink receivers at 2400 bps Dual rate / power subscriber transmitter at 4800 / 9600 bps Full duplex gateway links at 57.6 Kbps UHF Beacon Bus Subsystem Peak Power Tracking with GaAs Solar Array Wheel - augmented gravity gradient / magnetic 3 - axis ACS GPS state vector determination Central flight computer for T&C, data / command storage 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

ORBCOMM Satellite Constellation Primary Planes Planes A, B C and D: Six to Eight Satellites Secondary Planes Plane F: [Polar] One Satellite Plane G: [Polar] One Satellites Plane E: [Planned] Eight Satellites Show planes image 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Current Constellation Coverage Pattern 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Constellation Design Criteria 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Ground Segment Components Gateway Earth Stations 12 in service around the world Connect satellites to ground network Dual redundant antennas/radomes Remote, unattended operation Monitored & controlled from NCC Gateway Control Center 4 in service: Brazil, Japan, South Korea, United States Ground network operation Fault-tolerant Message Switch controls message queuing and delivery Connections to terrestrial networks Internet SMTP Email, X.400 Mail, XML Gateway Frame relay, ISDN, Internet VPN, Leased Line Network Control Center Manages U.S. GCC functions Satellite monitoring and control functions Gateway Earth Station OPERATIONAL GROUND SEGMENT 7 GATEWAYS ON 3 CONTINENTS 4 UNITED STATES 2 GOLFBALL LIKE RAYDOME . . Containing antennas REDUNDANCY CONNECT TO TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS PAGING,DATA, FAX INTERNET EXTENDS REACH AND VALUE… OTHER SYSTEMS OPERATIONAL NETWORK CONTROL CENTRE OPERATING IN VIRGINIA CUSTOMER SERVICE OPERATION BILLING SYSTEM is working in US ONE BILLING THE WORLD ONE BILL CUSTOMER BUILDING VALUABLE EXPERIENCE IN CRITICAL AREAS 0F THE BUSINESS Network Control Center 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Subscriber Downlink Channels Downlink Frequency Range Tunable Between 137.0 Mhz to 138.0 Mhz 400 2.5Khz Channels 12 Allocated 25khz Downlink Channels A Plane Channel 265 & 285 B Plane Channel 295 & 320 C Plane Channel 100 & 176 D Plane Channel 80 & 90 F Plane Channel 184 G Plane Channel 275 Two Test Channels 4.8 Kbps SDPSK 50 Segments per second Max Power -125dbW/ m2 / 4Khz * SUBSCRIBER COMMUNICATOR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 *** 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 One Second 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Types of Service: Two Way Data Messaging Size: SC-O1 generally <0.5k, can do > 8k Size: SC-T2 generally <0.5k, can do > 8k Addressing explicit w/ multi 7 OR Indicator Body Part Multiple Bilaterally defined Delivery Assurance acknowledgement ORBCOMM Message Switch ORBCOMM Message Gateway Message Transfer Agent Firewall Leased Line Internet VSAT Gateway Earth Station (GES) Subscriber Communicator (SC) Gateway Control Center (GCC) NOTES 1. Subscriber Communicator-Originated 2. Subscriber Communicator-Terminated 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

ORBCOMM Space and Ground Segments Satellites (30 in service in 6 Orbital Planes) Subscriber Links Uplink Downlink VHF VHF 148-150 MHz 137-138 MHz 2,400 bps 4,800/9,600 bps Gateway Links Uplink Downlink VHF VHF 149 MHz 137 MHz 56 Kbps 56 Kbps Gateway Earth Stations (12 in service, additional 10 to 14 expected) 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE Messaging Report 6 bytes Special position report includes Messages Up to 8kbyte, typically 100 bytes SC protocol is the ORBCOMM Serial Specification via an RS-232 port 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE ORBCOMM US Latency 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

ORBCOMM’s Market Niche ORBCOMM is the only operational Little LEO system and leads the other Global Mobile Satellite Service Providers in certain Important Data Capabilities and Services There are many data communications service providers in the world, but few can be considered direct competitors Terrestrial tower-based systems complement Some satellite service providers offer competitive service but are only regional (not global) Other GMSS providers either have inferior equipment or are struggling with early product/rollout issues ORBCOMM is a good match for an OEM or VAR application with a majority of the following attributes: fielded product in multiple regions of the world high sensitivity to user equipment cost infrequent transmissions of small messages limited available power for the user equipment communication in both rural and urban areas field use may result in long-term blockage to geostationary orbiter send as well as receive messages ORBCOMM truly provides global service: Inside the contours shown above, a subscriber can communicate messages at least part of the time directly through a satellite to a Gateway In the remaining areas, communications takes place using store and forward GlobalGram services As additional Gateway Earth Stations are deployed, the availability of real-time messaging communications will increase 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

Existing Automotive Antenna Products VHF Applique Antenna GPS Applique Antenna Molded Ruggedized Antenna Can be molded into custom shapes Diversity switch Allows multiple antennas to be used on the same vehicle 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE Antenna Developments World’s first genetic antenna, currently prototype 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE

SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE THANK YOU 20/10/2017 SC/ UNIT- 5 CBS ORBCOMM / KARTHIKA A, AP/ECE