Alcohols and Phenols by SHITTU T. O           Alcohols and Phenols by SHITTU T.O.is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Alcohols and Phenols

Intended Learning Outcomes Draw structures and assign names for alcohols, phenols & diols Predict relative boiling points, acidities, and solubilities of alcohols. Show how to convert alkenes, alkyl halides, and carbonyl compounds to alcohols. Use Grignard and organolithium reagents for the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols with the needed carbon skeletons.

Alcohols are organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups Phenols are compounds with hydroxyl group directly attached to aromatic ring. Alcohols can be classified into primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o), depending on the carbinol carbon atom.

Nomenclature Name the following compounds:

Priority of functional groups in naming organic compounds

The alcohol functional group takes precedence over double and triple bonds, so the chain is numbered in order to give the lowest possible number to the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group

However, carbonyl functional group takes precedence over hydroxyl functional group

Physical Properties Boiling point Solubility

Acidity of alcohols and phenols Alcohols are weakly acidic. Structure (inductive effect) affects acidity of alcohols.

Group Presentation TOPIC: Commercial production and reactions of alcohols to be presented on Thursday

Phenols are more acidic than alcohols due to resonance stability of the phenoxide ion. Cannonical structures of phenoxide ion

Laboratory synthesis of alcohols 1. From alkenes Acid-catalysed hydration Hydroboration-oxidation

1c. Dihydroxylation: synthesis of 1,2-diols from alkenes

Synthesis of alcohols cont’d 2. Addition of organometallic reagents to carbonyl compounds

Reactions of Grignard reagents with carbonyl compounds

Synthesis of alcohols cont’d           Alcohols and Phenols by SHITTU T.O.is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Synthesis of alcohols cont’d 3. Reduction of carbonyl compounds 4. catalytic hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes.