ASSESSING THE WATER QUALITY OF DONG NAI RIVER BY MIKE 11 MODEL TowardanOpenResourcesUsingServices ASSESSING THE WATER QUALITY OF DONG NAI RIVER BY MIKE 11 MODEL Le Quoc Tuan Ngo Thi Kieu Diem

CONTENTS OVERVIEW 1 RESEARCH METHODS 2 RESULTS 3 CONCLUSION 4

1 OVERVIEW Dong Nai province located in the southern economic region with 31 industrial zones. Dong Nai river (DNR) is an inland longest river (in Vietnam) which flows through Dong Nai province with 294 km in long. Dong Nai river supplies fresh water for living activities, agricultural and industrial production, transportation… Dong Nai river also collects wastewater from industrial zones such as Loteco, Amata, Bien Hoa I, Bien Hoa II,…domestic water from communities.

1 OVERVIEW DONG NAI RIVER WATERSHED

OVERVIEW INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN DONG NAI PROVINCE 1 Industrial zone Hydrological system INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN DONG NAI PROVINCE

OVERVIEW RESEARCH GOALS 1 Calculate the load of wastes at present Assess the water quality fluctuation of Dong Nai river Propose management solution Forecast the loads of wastes up to 2020 Forecast the water quality of Dong Nai river up to 2020 Forecast capacity of receiving waste water

2 RESEARCH METHODS Data collection

Soft wares for data analysis 2 RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH METHODS Soft wares for data analysis

Methods for assessing water quality 2 RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH METHODS Methods for assessing water quality Decision 879/QĐ-TCMT (Vietnam Environment Admistration) WQIa (DO, BOD5, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43-) WQIb (TSS, Turbidity) WQI for pH Total WQI WQIc (Coliform)

Methods for assessing water quality 2 RESEARCH METHODS Methods for assessing water quality WQIa: WQI for 05 parameters: DO, BOD5, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43- WQIb: WQI for 02 parameters: TSS, turbidity WQIc: WQI for Coliform WQIpH: WQI for pH.

Methods for assessing water quality 2 RESEARCH METHODS Methods for assessing water quality WQI Level for assessing water quality Color 91 – 100 For domestic water supply Blue 76 - 90 For domestic water supply after an appropiate treatment Green 51 - 75 For drainage and simlar purpose Yellow 26 - 50 For navigation and similar purpose Orange 0 - 25 Very polluted, need to be treated in the future Red

Modeling by Mike 11 RESEARCH METHODS 2 Margin conditions for hydraulic model: Upper load margin, Tri An lake outlet. Lower level water margin: Dong Nai river lower. Concentration margin: 78 concentration margin, monitoring data (37), collecting data (41). Point type, Non-point type

2 RESEARCH METHODS 2 Survey locations for MIKE 11 application

RESEARCH METHODS 2 Survey location Location information 1   Thien Tan water supply plant, Vinh Cuu district. 2 Dong Nai river lower, near Dong Nai bridge, Bien Hoa city. 3 Dong Nai river lower basin, Nhon Trach district. Compare modeling results with monitoring results for BOD5, COD, total N, total P, TSS; Modeling results and monitoring results at three locations are nearly fixed, average error fluctuating from 10 to 19%.

Application tools for determine the capacity of 2 RESEARCH METHODS Application tools for determine the capacity of waste water receiving

RESULTS 3 Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Sector 4 Water quality of Dong Nai River (DNR) Sector 1 Confluence Da Hoai river - DNR to Tri An Lake inlet Sector 2 Confluence of Be river – DNR to Ba Mieu wharf, Thanh Phu district Sector 3 Hoa An bridge to Dong Nai bridge Sector 4 Confluence Buong river – DNR to confluence Sai Gon river – DNR

RESULTS 3 Water quality of Dong Nai River (DNR) Sector 1 (Confluence Da Hoai river - DNR to Tri An Lake inlet) This is region where receiving water from Lam Dong province. Water quality is stable in dry season (December to March), rainy season (April to November) decrease because of TSS and coliform over National technical regulation (QCVN).

RESULTS 3 Waste sources to Sector 1: 2.844 m3/day Aquaculture: 39 m3/day, COD, TSS, N-NH4+ over QCVN Industries: 2.441 m3/day, TSS; COD, BOD5, N-NH4+, N-NO2- and P-PO43- over QCVN Markets: 5 m3/day almost over QCVN Industrial zones: 24 m3/day Sanitary (Health): 16 m3/day, N-NH4+, N-NO3- and P-PO43 over QCVN Domestic waste: 319 m3/day, TSS P-PO43- over QC

3 RESULTS Sector 2 (Confluence of Be river – DNR to Ba Mieu wharf, Thanh Phu district) Water quality in Sector 2 is good and satisfy the domestic water supply (in months 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11). Sometimes, water is polluted because of TSS and ammonia (July and August).

RESULTS 3 Waste sources to Sector 2 : 24.060 m3/ngày Aquaculture: 198 m3/day, TSS, COD, BOD5, N-NH4+ over QCVN Industries: 17.710 m3/day, N-NH4+, N-NO3- N-NO2- over QCVN Industrial zones: 4.600 m3/day Sanitary (Health): 61 m3/day, N-NH4+ and N-NO3- over QCVN Domestic: 1.297 m3/day, N-NH4+ over QCVN Market: 194 m3/day, TSS over QCVN

3 RESULTS Sector 3 (Hoa An bridge to Dong Nai bridge, flow through Bien Hoa city) Water quality meets the domestic water supply, however, there is decreasing tendency. There are randomly areas where water quality become polluted such as Tan Mai, San Mau, Linh streams and Tan Mai floating fish culture village.

RESULTS 3 Waste sources to Sector 3: 153.462 m3/ngày Aquaculture: 25 m3/day, TSS, COD,BOD5, N-NH4+ over QCVN Industries: 23.910 m3/day, NO2-, TSS over QCVN Markets: 280 m3/ngày, TSS, NH4+, BOD5, PO43- over QCVN Industrial zones: 40.908 m3/day, NO2- over QCVN. Sanitary (Health): 1.820 m3/day, TSS, COD over QCVN Domestic: 86.519 m3/day, TSS, NH4+ over QCVN

3 RESULTS Sector 4: Confluence Buong river – DNR to confluence Sai Gon river – DNR Water quality satisfies the aquatic conservation standard. DO was lower QCVN, TSS, Fe ion, E.coli and coliform over QCVN

RESULTS 3 Waste sources to Sector 4: 35.111 m3/day Husbandry, aquaculture: 324 m3/day, TSS over QCVN Industries: 22.436 m3/day, almost over QCVN. Industrial zones: 10.736 m3/day Markets: 110 m3/day Domestic: 935 m3/day Sanitary (Health): 570 m3/day

Waste loads release to DNR 3 RESULTS Waste loads release to DNR BOD 7.965 (kg/day) 2013 COD 10.781 (kg/day) Flow 215.477 m3/day Total N 4.323 (kg/day) Total N 354 (kg/day) TSS 17.643 (kg/day)

RESULTS 3 Scenarios to 2020 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Water flow increase with economic development planning. Waste concentrations are the same as 2013’s Scenario 1 Water flow increase with economic development planning Waste water from urban, industry, culture, sanitary, …were treated to B (QCVN) Scenario 2 All waste water were treat to A (QCVN) Scenario 3

Forecast for the waste loads to DNR 3 RESULTS Forecast for the waste loads to DNR BOD 34.852 (kg/day) 2020 COD 70.386 (kg/day) Flow 619.883 m3/day Scenario 1 Total N 28.259 (kg/day) Total P 5.260 (kg/day) TSS 68.412 (kg/day)

Forecast for the waste loads to DNR 3 RESULTS Forecast for the waste loads to DNR BOD 30.994 (kg/day) 2020 COD 83.482 (kg/day) Flow 619.883 m3/day Scenario 2 Total N 20.494 (kg/day) Total P 4.241 (kg/day) TSS 61.990 (kg/ngày)

Forecast for the waste loads to DNR 3 RESULTS Forecast for the waste loads to DNR 2020 BOD 17.192 (kg/day) COD 38.141 (kg/day) Flow 619.883 m3/day Scenario 3 Total N 9.315 (kg/day) Total P 2.528 (kg/day) TSS 28.617 (kg/day)

RESULTS 3 Forecast for water quality and capacity of waste water receiving by DNR BOD Locations 1, 2: lowest 300 (ton/day) and highest in Aug. – Oct. about 1750 (ton/day), average 1000 (ton/day) BOD at location 1 meets QCVN 08:2009 (for surface water), column A2

RESULTS 3 Forecast for water quality and capacity of waste water receiving by DNR BOD at location 2 also meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2

RESULTS 3 Forecast for water quality and capacity of waste water receiving by DNR BOD Location 3, from 100 to 1000 (ton/day), average 500 (ton/day) BOD at location 3 meets QCVN 08:2009, column B2

3 RESULTS COD Locations 1, 2: from Jan to Jul fluctuates from 500 to 2000 (ton/day) and max 3.500 (ton/day), max average load 2100 (ton/day) COD at location 1 meet QCVN 08:2009, column A2

COD at location 2 meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2 3 RESULTS COD at location 2 meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2

RESULTS 3 COD Location 3: max load 1.800 ton/day, average 900 (ton/day) COD at location 3 meets QCVN 08:2009, column B2

Total N at location 1 meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2 3 RESULTS Total N Locations 1, 2: fluctuate from 250 ton 700 (ton/day) and max load 1100 (ton/day), average 600 (ton/day) Total N at location 1 meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2

Total N at location 2 also meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2 3 RESULTS Total N at location 2 also meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2

3 RESULTS Total N Location 3: max load 600 ton/day, average 300 (ton/day) Total N at location 2 meets QCVN 08:2009, column B2

3 RESULTS Total P Locations 1, 2: max load 38 (ton/day), average 22 (ton/day) Total P at location 1 meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2

Total P at location 2 also meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2 3 RESULTS Total P at location 2 also meets QCVN 08:2009, column A2

RESULTS 3 Total P Location 3: max load 1,7 ton/day, average 1,4 (ton/day) Total P at location 3 meets QCVN 08:2009, column B2

TSS in location 1 over QCVN 08:2009, column A2 3 RESULTS TSS Locations 1, 2:max load 7.000 (ton/day), average 3.500 (ton/day). In rainy season, TSS over QCVN, then DNR can not receive waste more. TSS in location 1 over QCVN 08:2009, column A2

TSS in location 2 over QCVN 08:2009, column A2 3 RESULTS TSS in location 2 over QCVN 08:2009, column A2

RESULTS 3 TSS Location 3: max load 3.200 ton/day,average 1.800 ton/day TSS in location 3 meet QCVN 08:2009, column B2

Forecast for water quality 3 RESULTS Survey Location Location information Forecast for water quality 1   Thien Tan water supply plant, Vinh Cuu district. Water quality will be suitable for water supply after treatment. However, from Jun to Aug, TSS over QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, column A2. 2 Dong Nai river lower, near Dong Nai bridge, Bien Hoa city. 3 Dong Nai river lower basin, Nhon Trach district. Water quality meet a standard for navigation and aquaculture (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, column B2)

Partition for waste water receiving 3 RESULTS Partition for waste water receiving Region 1: From Tri An Lake outlet to Dong Nai bridge (1 km from Dong Nai bridge towards DNR lower) BOD 1.000 ton/day. COD 2.100 ton/day TSS 3.500 ton/day Total N 600 ton/day Total P 22 ton/day Region 2: From Dong Nai bridge to DNR lower basin BOD 500 ton/day COD 900 ton/day TSS 1.800 ton/day Total N 300 ton/day Total P 1,4 ton/day

Management solution and protection 3 RESULTS Management solution and protection Licensing Rely on water resource planning and maximum load for each sector after modeling to license waste water release. Partition of water utilization for licensing water exploitation. Controlling Promote the environmental monitoring, set up more automatic monitoring stations to strengthen forecast exactly for water resource management. Pushing water recycling and reusing after treatment. Broadcasting Inform water quality forecast for communities to promote environmental protection awareness.

Management solutions for water resources 3 RESULTS Management solutions for water resources Solutions for inter-region management Monitor waste sources in provincial boundary Share information with nearby provinces about waste sources to DNR basin Unite the water using purpose and quality standard for waste water release among provinces

4 CONCLUSION Sector 1, Sector 2 satisfies the quality of domestic water supply. Sector 3 basically meets the quality of domestic water supply. However, in rainy season (April to November), DNR water quality decrease. Sector 4 meets the quality for agricultural drainage and aquatic conservation. Present water quality Waste water from industrial zones and Bien Hoa city release directly to DNR. Flow to DNR about 215.477 m3/day. Present loads Flows to DNR increase up to 2020 about 278% in comparison to 2013. Waste loads to DNR also increase because of economic development. Forecast for loads

Water quality forecast 4 CONCLUSION Water quality of DNR from Tri An Lake outlet to Dong Nai bridge satisfy the QCVN for domestic water supply. TSS always meets QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. However, in rainy season, TSS is over QCVN 08. Water quality forecast From Tri An Lake outlet to Thien Tan water supply plant and DNR lower basin (1 km from Dong Nai bridge) can receive average maximum loads: BOD 1.000 ton/day, COD 2.100 ton/day, TSS 3.500 ton/day, total N 600 ton/day and total P 22 ton/day. Location 1 km from Dong Nai bridge to DNR lower basin can receive average loads: BOD 500 ton/day; COD 900 ton/day; TSS 1.800 ton/day; N 300 ton/day; P 1,4 ton/day. Receiving partition

4 CONCLUSION Set up model of forecast for some parameters such as DO, ammonia, turbidity Build up some scenarios in forecast process to determine the water quality for other purpose. Calculate more some parameters in rainy water, Collect more data from industrial zones of Binh Duong province and Ho Chi Minh city.

Set up model for plant coverage in DNR basin 4 CONCLUSION Set up model for plant coverage in DNR basin Calculate more some parameters in agriculture productions directly affecting to streams going down to DNR Combine SWAT model to MIKE 11 model to overall assess water quality and receiving capacity of waste water by DNR

THANK YOU!