Section 2: Psychotherapy Chapter 13 Lesson 2 Section 2: Psychotherapy

2. Psychotherapy

A. Effectiveness of Psychotherapy All therapies are “winners”. Evidence-based practice Factors in Successful Psychotherapy therapeutic alliance (monitored) therapist expertise & personality client active engagement © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display

B. Psychodynamic Therapies Replace image with that of Freud from the text, kin61965_un0107.jpg (used in chapter 2) This image on the next slide too so keep it in the same place so the image doesn’t jump. Animate the same was as original. (Fade, 0) Photo credit updated. Emphasis of this Approach early childhood experiences unconscious conflicts therapeutic interpretation Goals of Therapy identify sources of unconscious conflicts © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: © Ingram Publishing

B. Psychodynamic Therapies (2) Replace image with that of Freud from the text, kin61965_un0107.jpg (used in chapter 2) This image on the previous slide too so keep it in the same place so the image doesn’t jump. Animate the same was as original. (zoom away, 6) the image is gone when the last bullet comes in. Photo credit updated. Freudian Psychoanalysis free association catharsis interpretation dream analysis (manifest versus latent) transference resistance Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapies © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: © Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

C. Humanistic Therapies Emphasis of this Approach conscious thoughts, in the present self healing self fullfilment Goals of Therapy self understanding personal growth © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: © Perfect Picture Parts/Alamy RF

Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy Nondirective self-Exploration Warm, Supportive Atmosphere active listening and reflective speech unconditional positive regard empathy and genuineness Suggestion: Ask students, “If you had a mental illness and were seeking therapy, which would you prefer, psychoanalysis or client-centered therapy, and why?” © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: © Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis

D. Behavior Therapies Emphasis of this Approach Goals of Therapy overt behavior change rather than insights into self or into underlying causes Goals of Therapy reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors Classical and Operant Conditioning Social Cognitive approaches © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: Somos RF/Getty Images

Behavior Therapies Classical Conditioning Techniques Systematic Desensitization (to treat phobias) develop hierarchy of fearful scenes apply relaxation while imagining fearful scenes Aversive Conditioning pair undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: (c) Ingram Publishing / Alamy

Aversive Conditioning Nauseating Drug (Stimulus) UCS No Response Unlearned Reflex Repeatedly Paired NS UCR Alcohol (Stimulus 2) Nausea (Response) Learned Association CS CR Note: This example is illustrative only. Contrary to the implication of this diagram, Antabuse does not cause nausea when taken by itself: It only causes nausea if alcohol is also consumed. Moreover, in practice, Antabuse is not used so much to create a lasting distaste for alcohol as to prevent sneaking beers when in detox. Conditioned Stimulus Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus Acquisition/Learning Innate S-R Association Unconditioned Response Conditioned Response

B. Behavior Therapies (2) Operant Conditioning Techniques… unlearning of maladaptive behavior (e.g., OCD) through altered consequences. Applied Behavior Analysis positive reinforcement of adaptive behaviors extinguish maladaptive behaviors does not depend on gaining insight © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: Somos RF/Getty Images

E. Cognitive Therapies Emphasis of this Approach Goals of Therapy thoughts (cognitions) are the primary source of psychological problems how we think controls how we feel focus on overt problems (unlike Freud) structured analysis and specific guidance (unlike Rogers) Goals of Therapy cognitive restructuring Photo credit: (c) Andrea Morini/Getty Images © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display

E. Cognitive Therapies (2) illogical automatic negative thoughts identify and challenge automatic thoughts irrational and self-defeating beliefs Ignoring evidence of positives Overgeneralizing negatives Magnifying importance of negatives Absolutist thinking (Exaggerating imperfections) © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Albert Bandura and Self Efficacy Cognitive-Behavior Therapy reduce self-defeating thoughts incorporates behavior therapy self-instructional methods © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display Photo credit: © Jon Brenneis/Life Magazine/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

F. Therapy Integrations Techniques from different therapies are combined for the benefit of the client (e.g., dialectical behavior therapy). © McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display