Quantum Wave Model.

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Presentation transcript:

Quantum Wave Model

Electron Configuration 4 subshells S, P, D, F

S Subshell Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to surround the nucleus of the atom Lowest energy level 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 2 e-

P Subshell Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in space in one of three ways. 3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds up to 6e-

D Subshell Dumbbell shaped 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)

F Subshell Dumbbell shaped Greatest energy 7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 14 e-

Orbital Diagrams Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.

Hund’s Rule Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell. In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2nd electron can be placed in each orbital.

Pauli Exclusion Principle Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired, In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow).

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Modern Atomic Structure Space Filling Model for Scandium

__ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 6f

How many energy levels are there? 7

The ___ represents? The orbital

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one orbital 2

How many subshells are in the second energy level? 2 2s and 2p

How many orbitals are in the f subshell? 7

How many electrons will the third energy level hold? 18

What four letters represent the subshells? D F

1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s23p6 This is called the Electron Configuration

The number 2 in 2p6 represents the Energy level

The letter p in 2p6 represents the number of Valence Electrons

What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold? 10

What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons? Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in. Family I – 1 valence electron Family II – 2 valence electrons Family III – 3 valence electrons Family IV – 4 valence electrons Family V – 5 valence electrons Family VI – 6 valence electrons Family VII – 7 valence electrons Family VIII – 8 valence electrons