5 CLEANING OF MATERIALS AND WASTE PROCEDURES

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Methods of Purification
Advertisements

Chapter 3: Separation Techniques
Chemistry. Describing Matter  Matter – anything that has a mass and takes up space. Air, plastic, metal wood, glass, paper, and water are all matter.
Lab Equipment.
Lab Equipment.
Unit 1 – Physical Properties of Matter Lesson 3. C : Explain the process of melting, solidification, sublimation, and deposition in terms of the.
Hazardous Waste & Emergency Procedures for Laboratories Adapted from:
Handling and Storage of Hazardous Chemicals direct.com/assets/ite ms/c126.jpg.
Lab Equipment. Beaker Beakers are the most versatile glassware in the lab and can be used for just about anything. The volume graduations on beakers should.
Experiment 2 DISTILLATION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ALKANES.
Separation techniques 25Mb
Solutions, Acids, and Bases
Lab Equipment Subtitle. Beakers and Graduated Cylinders Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter.
 Matter is divided into 2 groups: ◦ Pure substances- made of only 1 type of particle ◦ Mixtures - made of at least 2 types of particles.
PURIFCATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
© British Sugar 2010 Chemical reactions Learning objectives: Identify the chemical reactions used in sugar production, both in industry and in the laboratory.
Solutions Chapter 22. How solutions form Solution-a mixture that appears the same throughout and is mixed at the molecular level. 1.solute- substance.
Chapter 16 “Solutions”. Solution formation l The “nature” (polarity, or composition) of the solute and the solvent will determine… 1. Whether a substance.
An Introduction to Peroxide Formers & Sodium Azide i Young, Southeast Higher Education Program Manager Presented By Nikki Young, Southeast Higher Education.
Laboratory Rules and Safety. 1.Wear safety goggles at all times. 2.Closed toe shoes and laboratory apron must be worn at all times while performing labs.
Rules for good safety laboratory practice SMKN 13 Bandung.
Lesson 5 Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHIMIS) and
Separation Techniques
ArsonAnalysis of Fire Arson is defined as purposely setting fire to a house, building or other property. Arson is the second leading cause of death by.
Automotive Engines Theory and Servicing
Fire Loss Control - Basic Elements
classifying of dangerous materials
Chemical Safety Awareness Course Jonathan Gulley DGS/SEE.
Topic 1.1 Intro. to the particulate nature of matter.
physical hazard associated with chemicals
Mixtures What is a mixture?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
Mixtures.
Lab Safety.
Lab Equipment.
General Safety Practices
IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
Lab Equipment.
Gooooood Morning!!! 1.) According to the dress code, what should you wear in the laboratory? 2.) In what cases might you be asked to leave the laboratory?
Lab Activity 7 Separation of blood serum lipids by thin-layer chromatography IUG, Dr. Tarek Zaida.
Common peroxide formers include: THF (Tetrahydrofuran) Diethyl ether
Lab Activity 5 Separation of blood serum lipids by thin-layer chromatography IUG, Fall 2017 Dr. Tarek Zaida.
Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions
Laboratory Glassware and Apparatus
Water and Solutions Ch. 13.
Experiment 2 RECRYSTALLIZATION.
Label Color Code (ChemAlert Fischer)
Extraction Methods Extraction involves the separation of the active constituent of plants or animal tissues from the inactive or inert component by.
Unit 1 – Chemistry WHIMIS – MSDS
درس ایمنی در آزمایشگاه مدرس: ماندانا امیری پاییز 94- جلسه سوم.
Chemical Hazards.
Mass Transfer In Chemical Engineering
Do now Turn in Phases of Matter homework from Thursday.
Changes of phase usually involve a transfer of energy.
Safety Scenario You are running a reaction which requires heating at reflux overnight. As you come back the next morning, you notice the cooling water.
Chemical Reactions Properties of Water Solutions Acids, Bases, and pH.
Proper Chemical Handling Procedures
HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Lab Activity 7 Separation of blood serum lipids by thin-layer chromatography IUG, Fall 2017 Dr. Tarek Zaida.
Experiment 2 RECRYSTALLIZATION.
Lesson 5 Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHIMIS) and
Classification and Matter
Lab Equipment.
Extraction Methods Extraction involves the separation of the active constituent of plants or animal tissues from the inactive or inert component by.
Solvents.
Chemical Properties February
Aqua Regia and Nitric acid Safety
Automotive Engines Theory and Servicing
Presentation transcript:

5 CLEANING OF MATERIALS AND WASTE PROCEDURES Cleaning Glass Materials Contaminated containers and materials should be cleaned immediately and chemical substances should not be released. Greases should be cleaned with a tissue paper or, if possible, with ligroin. Gloves and goggles should be worn during cleaning. Care must be taken to avoid breaking the glass and causing injury Residues of chemicals that may remain in glass containers should be shaken away with non-toxic solvents (eg, acetone, ethanol, and ligroin). The wash solution must be stored in the special waste bottle. The plastic bottles must be protected against the possibility of solvent breakage. Ligroin: An extremely flammable fraction of petroleum, composed of saturated hydrocarbons, boiling at 20-135 ° C, also called petroleum ether.

Labeling of Waste Containers A Halogen-free organic solvents and solutions B Halogenated organic solvents and solutions (Not Al container) C Solid wastes (plastic bag, bottle or original container). D Salt solutions (pH 6-8 adjusted) E Toxic inorganic wastes, heavy metal salts and solutions. (The container must be intact, and impermeable). F Toxic flammable compounds. (Container should be tight, sealed, labeled) G Mercury and inorganic mercury salts H Recyclable metal salt wastes (each metal salt must be collected in a separate container). I Inorganic solids

Procedures Applied to Laboratory Wastes Mercury It evaporates even at room temperature, causing poisoning. Vaporization or spillage from an open vessel can spread mercury vapor up to 200 times the level allowed. Half of the mercury taken from the body can be discarded in 70 days. Chronic poisoning is seen in people who are constantly exposed. BAL (British Anti-Lewisite), a glycerol-derived compound used as an antidote for toxic gas Lewisite, complexes mercury ions into chelates to prevent damage to vital enzymes.

Mercury poisoning symptoms can only be noticed after weeks.     Symptoms: Unbalance, loss of vision and sensation, damage of brain and nervous system. This type of damage is irreversible. Effective results can be obtained if the man is exposed to mercury vapor and notices it without delay and immediately uses BAL antidote.     The maximum mercury concentration allowed in the working environment is 0.01 ml / m3 (0.1 mg / m3). The label of the mercury cup has the following warning signs. R23, R33 ---- - S7, S44 Iodine charcoal: 5-10 g of iodine, 15-30 ml of ether, 90 g of activated charcoal

Exothermic Reactions Most of the chemical reactions are exothermic. If the eluting liquid can not be taken out properly, the reaction mixture overheats and the reaction rate increases excessively. As a result, the solution will heat up uncontrollably and overflow out of the device, resulting in strong bursts Exothermic reactions should be controlled by cooling the reaction vessel or using a reflux condenser. The reaction mixture should be heat-exchanged with good mixing

You need to be very careful in increasing the amount of input chemical in exothermic reactions. When working with more reagent in a larger vessel, the bulk of the mass and the reaction heat associated therewith increase by the cubic (third force) of the initial radius value (4/3πr³, while the heat transfer surface of the device increases by the square of the radius (4πr²) of the reaction chamber. The danger of overheating increases as the mass increases. For this reason, the amount of reagent should not be suddenly increased

Materials liable to form peroxides in storage The following materials may form peroxides in storage, when in contact with air. Once a container is opened, the chemical should be tested for peroxides not less frequently than once every six months using a product such as Merckoquant test paper. A peroxide-containing material always constitutes an explosion risk, but the risk is particularly serious if the material is heated. This is because peroxides are generally less volatile than the compound from which they are formed, (usually having lower vapour pressure because of increased intermolecular forces between the - now strongly polar - peroxide molecules). Distillation therefore leads to progressive concentration of the peroxide. The combination of a concentrated solution of peroxide with heating can result in explosive decomposition.

Preventing of peroxide formation Peroxide formation can not be prevented only by protecting the chemical substance from light. The chemical container must be stored tightly closed in the argon atmosphere. Preserving the substance in a cold environment is not very safe to prevent peroxide formation. It should be taken into consideration that color change, crystallization or layer formation can lead to possible explosion hazard. Organic peroxides are very sensitive to shock, spark, heat, friction and light. Most such peroxides are more susceptible compounds than TNT. There may be a very large explosion when opening the flask of an ether flask in which peroxide is formed