Sectarian VIolence in the Middle East: Myths and Realities

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Presentation transcript:

Sectarian VIolence in the Middle East: Myths and Realities POLS1270 Prof. M Cammett March 20, 2012

Civil Conflict in Iraq

Ethno-Sectarian Depictions of Iraq

Shia Communities in the Middle East

The Sunni-Shia “Divide” “The Shia-Sunni conflict is at once a struggle for the soul of Islam – a great war of competing theologies and conceptions of sacred history – and a manifestation of the kind of tribal wars of ethnicities and identities, so seemingly archaic at times yet so surprisingly vital . . . .” Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival (2006)

Sectarian Conflict What is sectarianism? Why sectarian conflict and violence? Common default answer: “Pressure cooker” model Social science explanations for identity conflict: Primordialism Constructivism Instrumentalism & the “cultural entrepreneur”

Post-2003 Institutional Design: Ethno-Sectarian Power-Sharing

The Bombing of the Askari Mosque, Samarra (February 2006)

“Ethnic Cleansing” and the Homogenization of Residential Patterns

Contemporary Iraqi Politics

Lebanon

Sectarianism: Further Questions But why does sectarianism resonate among “ordinary” people? Under what conditions does sectarian identity become politicized? Why religion? Why ethnicity?