Wildfire in Poland and Europe.

What is Wildfire? A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or rural area. Depending on the type of vegetation where it occurs, a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush fire, bush fire, desert fire, forest fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, or veld fire. Fossil charcoal indicates that wildfires began soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants 420 million years ago. Wildfire’s occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on most ecosystems' flora and fauna. Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation, seasonally dry climates, atmospheric oxygen, and widespread lightning and volcano ignitions.

Causes of Wildfire Four major natural causes of wildfire ignitions exist: lightning sparks from rockfalls spontaneous combustion volcanic eruption

Spread of Wildfire The spread of wildfires varies based on the flammable material present, its vertical arrangement and moisture content, and weather conditions. Overall, fire types can be generally characterized by their fuels as follows: Ground fires are fed by subterranean roots, duff and other buried organic matter.  Crawling or surface fires are fueled by low-lying vegetation such as leaf and timber litter, debris, grass, and low-lying shrubbery. Ladder fires consume material between low-level vegetation and tree canopies, such as small trees, downed logs. Crown, canopy, or aerial fires burn suspended material at the canopy level, such as tall trees, vines, and mosses.

Afforestation in Europe In Europe, the largest forest area is located in Russia; It is about 809 million, which accounts for 79% of the total forest area in Europe (Table 3). North Europe (52.1%) and Russia (49.4%), while South-East Europe (23.1%) is the largest. In Europe, the forest area in the 1990s rose by 1.6%. In Europe (excluding Russia) this increase in the 20-year period was 8.3%.

Afforestation in Poland

Afforestation in Europe

Wildfire in Europe

Wooded areas in Poland

Forest distribution

The most popular species of trees in Poland Birch Beech Rowan Chestnut Linden

Types of forests in the world Tropical Rainforest Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate Coniferous Forest Boreal (taiga) Forest

forests protection Forest protection is divided into four main sections: Protection against biotechnical factors Protection against abiotic factors Nature protection Hunting

Authors Maciej Mączka Michał Sabatowski Michał Wojdyła Zespół Szkół Ponadgimnazjalnych nr.5 w Krośnie Klasa 1 Matematyczno-informatyczna