From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate Date of download: 1/3/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(5):051014-051014-8. doi:10.1115/1.4032907 Figure Legend: The schematic illustration of cell traction measurement. (a) Upper: the cells adhering on the gel substrate; lower: the cells treated with trypsin for removing off from the gel. (b) Upper: the fluorescence image of gel surface with cells; lower: the fluorescence image of gel surface without cells for measuring the substrate deformation.

From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate Date of download: 1/3/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(5):051014-051014-8. doi:10.1115/1.4032907 Figure Legend: Free-body diagram of the element in cell layer. (a) The cell layer restrained by ringlike pattern substrate. (b) The top view of the free-body diagram of the element. (c) The side view of the free-body diagram of the element.

From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate Date of download: 1/3/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(5):051014-051014-8. doi:10.1115/1.4032907 Figure Legend: Cell alignment and polarization on the ring patterned substrate. (a) A quarter of phase contrast images of cell morphology on 60 kPa and 10 kPa PAA gel substrate with ring pattern (scale bar: 50 μm); (b) polar plot of cell angle distribution with respect to the circumferential angle; and (c) the mean cell angle as function of the distance to the ring center for two different stiffnesses. (d) The mean aspect ratio of cells versus the distance to the center of the ring pattern of different stiffnesses. #: 60 kPa versus 10 kPa, p < 0.05.

From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate Date of download: 1/3/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(5):051014-051014-8. doi:10.1115/1.4032907 Figure Legend: Actin distribution on the ringlike patterned substrate. (a) F-actin fluorescence image on 60 kPa gel; a zoom-in image illustrating how orientationj works. The yellow dotted ellipse shows the region of interest. The angle ϕ is defined as the angle between the major axis of the red ellipse and the horizontal direction, given by Eq. (A3) in the Appendix. And the angle θbetween the major axis of the red solid ellipse and the circumferential direction of the ring pattern can be calculated when ϕ is obtained. (b) F-actin fluorescence image on 10 kPa gel. (c) Actin orientation angle versus the radial position; (d) actin coherency versus the radial position. Scale bar: 50 μm. #:60 kPa versus 10 kPa, p < 0.05.

From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate Date of download: 1/3/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(5):051014-051014-8. doi:10.1115/1.4032907 Figure Legend: Nucleus alignment and polarization on the ringlike patterned substrate. (a) Nucleus fluorescence image on 60 kPa gel; (b) nucleus fluorescence image on 10 kPa gel. (c) Nucleus orientation angle versus the radial position; (d) nucleus aspect ratio versus the radial position. Scale bar: 50 μm.

From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate Date of download: 1/3/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Mechanics of Cell Mechanosensing on Patterned Substrate J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(5):051014-051014-8. doi:10.1115/1.4032907 Figure Legend: In-plane stresses in the cell layer. (a) Color map of predictions of in-plane maximum shear stress; (b) vectorial representation of predictions of the in-plane maximum principal stress; (c) the predictions of the in-plane maximum shear stress for two different substrate stiffnesses; (d) and (g) color map of the measured in-plane maximum shear stress on the 30 kPa gel (d) and 10 kPa gel (g); (e) and (h) the vectorial representation of the measured maximum principal stress on the 30 kPa gel (e) and 10 kPa gel (h); and (f) and (i) the measured in-plane maximum shear stress as function of the distance to the ring center on the 30 kPa gel (f) and 10 kPa gel (i). Scale bar: 50 μm.