Quartiersmanagement (마을만들기) in Berlin, Germany Advanced Urban Design (Urban Regeneration), 2015. 11. 19, Seoul National University Quartiersmanagement (마을만들기) in Berlin, Germany Written by: Inhee Kim(김인희) Presented by: Junghwan Park (박정환) Master’s Course, Urban Design Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University

Table of Contents Background – German Cities Case of Berlin Conclusion

I. Background - German Cities

Background 1980s 1990s city centre Part of the nation After 1980s in Germany, polarization started to happen due to social-spatial differentiation Especially in residential areas, high-income families started to move out from rugged cities to suburbs, and low-income families or foreigners replaced them in the core of the cites. -> Slumism After unification, in the 1990s, the problem went further to a nationwide problem Prospering south vs former East Germany area, north (fall of the manufacturing industry, increase of unemployment rate) Urban regeneration became a matter in the sense of whole nation 1980s city centre 1990s Part of the nation

Urban Generation Policy of Germany Urban Regeneration Stadtermeuerung Urban Repair Sanierung Urban Reconstruction Stadtumbau Remaining physical structure, changing land use Replacing physical structure 1990s Behutsame Stadterneuerung (Careful Urban Regeneration) Soziale Stadt Program(1999) 사회통합도시

Institutional Framework Constitution Grund Gesetz 104b: The Federal Government’s financial aid to local governments (For quality of life and balance between regions) Architectural Law BauGB 107a~d: About urban repair on rugged areas 171e: Soziale Stadt(사회통합도시) should aid areas where are deteriorated socially-economically Administrative Contract Verwaltungsvereinbarung-Städtebauförderung About the relationships between the federal government and 16 state governments Practical Guidelines Leitfaden zur Ausgestaltung der Gemeinschaftsinitiative Soziale Stadt Ways of resident participation, regional economy vitalization, education, health, residential issues… -> aim, strategy, scope of aid

II. Case of Berlin

Berlin: Geography Located at the north-east part of Germany Population: 3.45 million Area: 892㎢ (Seoul: 605.28㎢)

Background Berlin’s urban issues became more severe than other cities in Germany in the 1990s, after the unification To cope with this, the city council of Berlin adopted a program called ‘Quartiersmanagement’(Community Planning, 마을만들기) in 1999 It follows the outline of Soziale Stadt Key factors for quartiersmanagement 1. a team for community planning should be established 2. administrative structure that binds experts in diverse fields 3. Real-life strategy and neighbourhood improvement plan should be set 4. Quatiersrate(마을협의회), a group that makes decision about projects and budget plans, should be made 5. Help residents to participate 6. Diverse education and job-getting programs

Where is it done? Where? 34 projects in Berlin Total residents 394,000 Ratio of foreigners: 28.7% (Berlin average 14.0%) Where? Lack of residential infrastructure Depression of economic structure Increase in the ratio of vacant buildings Increase in the numbers of public aid recipients(기초생활수급자), unemployment rate, ratio of unemployed people Increase in the ratio of immigrants Increase in the rate of middle-high class leakage

Governance Quartiersmanager In each towns, a site office is constructed for 3~5 ‘Quartiersmanager’s The principle is that residents own and lead the project, but the managers should monitor and help them, balancing between the public and the residents Expert network management Masterplan Project planning and execution Employment education Children education Juvenile consultation Resident leisure program Budget gain and execution Develop policies to support the project Quartiersmanager

Governance Quartiersrate Quartiersrate(마을협의회): an administration in Berlin that was made in 2000 Averagely 9~12 times meeting a year 2~3 hours Consisted of ordinary residents + experts group For the conference to have effectiveness, over 75% of the group should attend It should be consisted of more than 50% of residents 15~30 people in each regions, 1 out of 1000 Planning projects, deciding budget scale, deciding the scope of support, etc. Quartiersrate

Monitoring & Evaluation Focus control area Evaluation Index Social integration: the ratio of foreigners Social-Economic: unemployment rate, purchasing power, debt ratio, ratio of public aid recipients Population: population change rate General control area Prevention area Stabilization area

III. Conclusion

Conclusion Long-time and consistent policy-making and pushing ahead Urban regeneration matter in Germany goes back to 100 years ago, and it was settled in law since 1960s. The town planning in Berlin was pushed ahead for decades with thorough planning Operated with a system and managed transparently with a guideline Federal -> State -> Municipality -> Town planning team Various guidelines are in act to make everything clear and honest The right and responsibility are all transferred to residents Made the residents to feel responsible for everything and to participate more actively in all sorts of projects The key to success was the ‘quartiersmanager’