L. Aya M. Serry Glomerulonephritis 2017 Pathophysiology L. Aya M. Serry Glomerulonephritis 2017

Objectives Define Glomerulonephritis Types and Causes of Glomerulonephritis Pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis Nephritis Vs. Nephrotic Diseases Diagnosis Treatments

What’s Glomerulonephritis The Glomerulus is the part of the nephron which is responsible for filtration The glomeruli are tufts of capillaries that lie between the afferent and efferent arterioles The glomerular capillary membrane is composed of three structural layers: an endothelial cell layer (that lines the inner surface of the capillary) a basement membrane made up of a network of matrix proteins a layer of epithelial cells that surrounds the outer surface of the capillary and lines the inner surface of the Bowman capsule.

Glomerulus Glomerulus – The filters of the kidneys which filter the blood and make urine

What’s Glomerulonephritis The glomerular capillary membrane is selectively permeable, allowing water and small particles (e.g., electrolytes, and dissolved particles, such as glucose and amino acids) to leave the blood and enter the Bowman space and preventing larger particles (e.g., plasma proteins and blood cells) from leaving the blood. Glomerulonephritis is: An Inflammatory Process that involves Glomerular Structure

Types of Glomerulonephritis If glomerulonephritis occurs on its own, it's known as primary Glomerulonephritis. If another disease, such as lupus or diabetes, is the cause, it's called secondary Glomerulonephritis

Types of Glomerulonephritis Nephritic Vs. Nephrotic Syndrome Textbook Page: 1098-1102

Glomerulonephritis-- Symptoms Most common symptoms: Swelling of the face, eyes, ankle, feet, legs, abdomen Pink or cola-colored urine from red blood cells in your urine (hematuria) Foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria) Increased Blood Pressure due to decreased GFR. This will lead to increased Renin release

Glomerulonephritis-- Risk Factors History of cancer Blood or lymphatic disorders Diabetes Some Infections -Heart infections -Viruses

Glomerulonephritis-- Diagnosis Glomerulonephritis may be discovered when there is an abnormal urine analysis during a routine physical or examination for unrelated disorders, Tests that can be used for Diagnosis are: Urinalysis (e.g: creatinine Clearance Test) Blood tests (eGFR and BUN) Imaging of the kidney Kidney Biopsy

TREATMENTS

Glomerulonephritis-- Treatments Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of symptoms High blood pressure may be difficult to control, and it is generally the most important aspect of treatment Dialysis and Transplant Medicines that may be prescribed include: Blood pressure medications are often needed to control high blood pressure Medications that suppress the immune system may also be prescribed (as in case of lupus)

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