Can People ‘Like Me’ Go to College? Inequality and Academic Motivation

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Presentation transcript:

Can People ‘Like Me’ Go to College? Inequality and Academic Motivation Neil A. Lewis, Jr. Cornell University Presentation Prepared For: Cornell-Stanford Conference on Public Goods and Rising Inequality November 3, 2017 @NeilLewisJr

Disparities in Educational Attainment @NeilLewisJr

Disparities in Educational Attainment @NeilLewisJr

Two Questions Why do these disparities occur? What can be done to reduce them? @NeilLewisJr

Mechanisms Underlying Disparities Aspirations are not the problem Aspirations are equally high (80-100%) across groups Lewis & Oyserman, 2016, Behavioral Science & Policy | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

Why Don’t Aspirations Translate to Attainment? Historical Context Discriminatory policies (e.g., mortgage red-lining) produced differential access to social and economic capital. While no longer legal, we still see effects of those policies today. Lewis & Oyserman, 2016, Behavioral Science & Policy | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

Why Don’t Aspirations Translate to Attainment? @NeilLewisJr

Why Don’t Aspirations Translate to Attainment? Black and Latino students attend highly segregated schools in which 90% or more of students are racial-ethnic minorities and low-income. Live in contexts that have: Low density of college graduates Highly segregated, academically low performing schools Boschma & Brownstein, 2016 | Hannah-Jones, 2014 | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

Why Don’t Aspirations Translate to Attainment? @NeilLewisJr

Why Don’t Aspirations Translate to Attainment? Black and Latino students attend highly segregated schools in which 90% or more of students are racial-ethnic minorities and low-income. Live in contexts that have: Low density of college graduates Highly segregated, academically low performing schools Boschma & Brownstein, 2016 | Hannah-Jones, 2014 | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

From Stratification to Motivation Living in places with more college graduates means attending better schools. It also means having access to models of people ‘like me’ who have succeeded. These people can show students not only the destination (college), but also the path to get there. Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

From Stratification to Motivation Poverty Family Education Race-ethnicity Identity-based Motivation Which identities come to mind What they imply for which strategies to use What they imply for how to interpret experiences Academic Outcomes Lewis & Oyserman, 2016, Behavioral Science & Policy | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

From Stratification to Motivation . Aelenei, Lewis, & Oyserman, 2017, Study 1, Contemporary Educational Psychology @NeilLewisJr

From Stratification to Motivation Poverty Family Education Race-ethnicity Identity-based Motivation Which identities come to mind What they imply for which strategies to use What they imply for how to interpret experiences Academic Outcomes Lewis & Oyserman, 2016, Behavioral Science & Policy | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

From Stratification to Motivation Poverty Family Education Race-ethnicity Identity-based Motivation Which identities come to mind What they imply for which strategies to use What they imply for how to interpret experiences Academic Outcomes Lewis & Oyserman, 2016, Behav Sci Pol | Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Soc Issues Policy Rev | Oyserman, Lewis, et al., 2017, Psychol Inq @NeilLewisJr

Seeing the Destination AND the Path Create connections between students’ aspirations and current identities. Make behavioral strategies feel congruent with current identities. Normalize academic difficulties as signals as importance rather than impossibility. Oyserman & Lewis, 2017, Social Issues & Policy Review @NeilLewisJr

Acknowledgments Daphna Oyserman Cristina Aelenei University of Southern California Cristina Aelenei Paris Descartes University @NeilLewisJr

nlewisjr@cornell.edu www.neillewisjr.com Thank You nlewisjr@cornell.edu www.neillewisjr.com @NeilLewisJr