The 500th Anniversary of the Reformation Session 4: Why does St The 500th Anniversary of the Reformation Session 4: Why does St. Alban’s exist? The English Reformation Origins of the Episcopal Church Conclusion: Christianity after the Reformation

Recap: European Christianity in 1500 AD Christianity in Western Europe at the beginning of the 16th century was faith practiced by the living on behalf of the dead.

Leaders of the Reformation Martin Luther John Calvin Ulrich Zwingli Leaders of the Reformation

Recap: Luther, Zwingli, Calvin Luther sought to eliminate Catholic practices and beliefs that contradicted Scripture. He developed an Evangelical Christianity that was simple and personal, based on Sola fide, Sola Scriptura, Priesthood of all believers, Papal usurpation, two Sacraments. Zwingli wanted to reconstruct the Primitive Church, based only on scriptural foundations. He rejected (almost) anything that was not explicitly allowed by the Bible. Father of Anabaptist movement (to Zwingli’s regret). Calvin based his theology on the absolute sovereignty of God. This led to double predestination, the elect, church control over the state.

Catholic Reformation

English Reformation: 1533-1603 AD “cuius regio, eius religio”

Henry VIII 1509-1532 AD Catholic Protestant Catherine of Aragon Defender of the Faith Henry VIII 1509-1532 AD Catholic Protestant Catherine of Aragon Cardinal Thomas Wolsey Sir Thomas More Pope Leo X Lollards [followers of John Wycliffe (1330-1384)] Martin Luther William Tyndale

Henry VIII 1533-1547 AD Protestant Catholic Catherine of Aragon Pope Clement VII Thomas More  English monasteries Cardinal John Fisher  Anne Boleyn  Archbishop Thomas Cranmer William Tyndale  Lollards Thomas Cromwell  Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard , Katherine Parr

Edward VI 1547-1553 AD Protestant Catholic Thomas Cranmer Prayer Book Rebellion Thomas Cranmer Edward Seymour  John Dudley Lady Jane Grey

Mary I (“Bloody”) 1553-1558 AD Catholic Protestant Philip of Spain Defender of the Faith Mary I (“Bloody”) 1553-1558 AD Catholic Protestant Philip of Spain Pope Julius III Thomas Cranmer  John Dudley  Lady Jane Grey 

Elizabethan Settlement Elizabeth I 1558-1603 AD Protestant Catholic Francis, Duke of Anjou Pope Pius VI Mary, Queen of Scots  William Cecil Robert Dudley Elizabethan Settlement via media “I would not open windows into men’s souls”

Anglican Church in the colonies/USA Before 1783 After 1783 Church of England, 1607 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), 1649 No bishops SPG supported parish priests in New England, New York, New Jersey Local parishes supported priests in Maryland, Virginia, Carolinas, Georgia 80,000 Anglicans left the US, only 10,000 stayed Episcopal Church organized in 1780s, officially separated from C of E in 1789 First three American bishops: Samuel Seabury, William White, Samuel Provoost 1854: St. Alban’s established

Conclusion: Christianity after the Reformation

Salvation Catholic Protestant

Immanence of God [Spirit actually incorporated in particular times, places and things] Catholic Protestant

Christ as man offers divinity as satisfaction for our sin Atonement Catholic Protestant Christ as man offers divinity as satisfaction for our sin Christ as God suffered punishment for our sin

Sin breaks the web, Christ repairs it Catholic Protestant Sin is crime, causes a gulf. Christ is bridge, Jesus pays toll. Sin breaks the web, Christ repairs it

Sin Catholic Protestant

Christianity of the Text Catholic Protestant

Catholic and Protestant Christian Community Catholic and Protestant

Christianity became what could be learned or taught Catholic Protestant Catechism, creed, 7 Deadly Sins Teacher: clergy Prayers taught as meaning of words Children: religious observance Grace before and after every meal Catechism, creed, 10 Commandments Teacher: clergy Prayers taught as meaning of words Children: deference to authority Grace before and after every meal

Paolo Veronese, “Feast in the House of Levi” (1573)

Christian Discipline: Way to Change Self (metanoia) Catholic Protestant Discipline taught and learned Behavior, not belief Ongoing examination of conscience (Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises) Frequent communion Discipline taught and learned Behavior, not belief Clergy enforced books of discipline 10 Commandments sexual conduct Sabbatarianism (“Blue Laws”) Obedience