THE MIDDLE AND NEW KINGDOMS CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3 THE MIDDLE AND NEW KINGDOMS

THE MIDDLE KINGDOM AT THE END OF THE OK- THE POWER AND WEALTH OF PHAROAHS DECLINED PYRAMID BLDNG DRAINED THE TREASURY AT THE SAME TIME NOBLES GAINED POWER TOCHALLENGE THE PHAROAHS

BY 2200 BC- THE OK ENDED NOBLES BATTLED EACH OTHER FOR POWER THEIR WAS CHAOS, FAMINE AND ECONOMIC HARDSHIP IN EGYPT IN 2050- MENTUHOTEP AND POWERFUL PHAROAH DEFEATED ALL HIS RIVALS HE BEGAN THE MIDDLE KINGDOM- 2050-1750 BC

TOWARDS THE END OF MK- THEIR WAS DISORDER EGYPT WAS ALSO INVADED BY THE HYKSOS THEY USED HORSES, CHARIOTS, AND WEAPONS TO CONQUER EGYPT THEY RULE IT FOR 200 YEARS THEY HYKSOS WERE NOT WELL-LIKED

THE EGYPTIANS FOUGHT BACK AGAINST THE HYKSOS AHMOSE OF THEBES DROVE OUT THE HYKSOS AND REUNITED EGYPT AFTER DECLARING HIMSELF PHAROAH AHMOSE MARKS THE NEW KINGDOM EGYPT REACHED THE HEIGHT OF ITS POWER AND GLORY LASTED FROM 1550 BC- 1050 BC

CONQUEST AND TRADE BROUGHT WEALTH TO THE PHAROAHS AFTER DRIVNG OUT THE HYKSOS- EGYPTIAN LEADER SOUGHT TO CONTROL ALL INVASION ROUTES IN THIS PROCESS- EGYPT BECAME AN EMPIRE FIRST THEY CONQUERED SYRIA- THE HOMELAND OF THE HYKSOS

THEN THEY DEFEATED THE KINGDOM OF KUSH EGYPT BECAME THE LEADING MILITARY POWER MILITARY CONQUESTS MADE EGYPT RICH CONQUERED AREAS SENT ANNUAL PAYMENTS TO THE PHAROAH IN AN EFFORT TO MAINTAIN GOOD RELATIONS

GROWTH AND TRADE BROUGHT EGYPT INTO CONTACT WITH DIFFERENT LANDS TRADE EXPANDED ALONG THE EMPIRE MANY AREAS HAD NAT RESOURCE-S LIKE THE SINAI HAD COPPER MINES

QUEEN HATSHEPSUT FEMALE PHAROAH- EVEN WORE FAKE BEARD WORKED TO INCREASE TRADE USED WEALTH TO SUPPORT ART AND ARCHITECTURE SHE BUILT A TEMPLE AT THEBES HATSHEPSUT ALSO DRESSED AS A MAN WHEN SHE DIED- HER STEPSON TOOK OVER AND DEST HER WORK.

INVASIONS OF EGYPT IN THE 1200’S RAMSES THE GREAT CAME TO POWER HE FOUGHT THE HITTITES THROUGHOUT HIS REIGN EVENTUALLY THEY SIGNED A PEACE TREATY AND BECAME ALLIES TO THE WEST THE TEHEINU INVADED THE DELTA

RAMSES FOUGHT THEM OFF AND HAD FORTS BUILT AFTER HE DIED- THE SEA PEOPLES INVADED EGYPT THEY WERE TURNED BACK AFTER 50 YEARS OF FIGHTING EGYPT SURVIVED- BUT THE EMPIRE WAS GONE

THE NK ENDED EGYPT AGAIN FELL INTO CHAOS NEVER AGAIN, WOULD EGYPT REGAIN ITS POWER

WORK AND DAILY LIFE DAILY LIFE DID NOT CHANGE MUCH AS POP GREW- SOCIETY BECAME MORE COMPLEX SCRIBES- VERY HONORED BECAUSE THEY COULD WRITE WORKED FOR GOVT AND TEMPLES KEPT RECORDS AND ACCTS DID NOT PAY TAXES- BECAME WEALTHY

ARTISANS, ARTISTS,AND ARCHITECTS- JOBS REQUIRED SKILLS WORKED FOR THE GOVT OR TEMPLES THEY MADE STATUES, FURNITURE, POTTERYMA ND FOOTWEAR ARCHITECTS DESIGNED ROYAL TOMBS SUCH AS THE PYRAMIDS

SOLDIERS- AFTER THE MK- EGYPT HAD PROF ARMY RECEIVED LAND AS PAYMENT AND COULD KEEP TREASURE CAPTURED IN WAR THOSE WHO EXCELLED WOULD BE PROMOTED

FARMERS- MADE UP THE LARGEST PORTION HAD TO GIVE CROPS AS TAXES WERE SUBJECT TO SPECIAL DUTY THE PHAROAH COULD DEMAND AT ANY TIME THEY WORK ON HIS PROJECTS

SLAVES- LOWER THAN FARMERS, WORKED ON FARMS AND IN SOME HOUSEHOLDS HAD SOME LEGAL RIGHTS IN SOME CASES, COULD EARN FREEDOM

FAMILY LIFE MEN EXPECTED TO MARRY YOUNG WOMEN DEVOTED TO HOMES AND FAMILIES SOME HAD JOBS OUTSIDE HOME FEW SERVED AS PRIESTESSES THEY COULD OWN PROPERTY THEY COULD MAKE CONTRACTS

THEY COULD DIVORCE HUSBANDS CHILDREN PLAYED WITH TOYS MOST BOYS AND GIRLS WERE EDUCATED THEY LEARNED MORALS, WRITING, MATH AND SPORTS AT AGE 14- MOST BOYS LEFT SCHOOL TO JOIN FATHER’S PROFESSION.