Central Department of Education . Contents of Thesis 23 January 2013 Central Department of Education Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nabaraj Mudwari, M.Ed./M.Phil. Lecturer Department of Health, Physical and Population Education Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: mudwari_nrm@yahoo.com

Parts of the Thesis It includes following parts with right order. Which are : Hard cover title page Flyleaf Title page Approval sheet Abstract Acknowledgement Table of contents List of tables List of figures Chapters (Introduction, Literature review, methodology, analysis and interpretation of data, summary, findings, conclusion and recommendations) Reference / Bibliography Appendices

CHAPTER – I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study - Historical perspectives of subject matter. - philosophical/ideological views on subject. - Current issues/status of subject matter. - Concept of topic. - General situation of study area/population.

1.2 Statement of the Problem - Problems related to subject matter/ population/study area. - Identifying the main issues and problems in existing situation. - Identifying the gap between theory and practice. - Major research questions. - Declarative form of the topic. - Giving proof of the need of study. - Finding out unanswered questions. - To prove present study is necessary.

1.3 Objectives of the Study - It directs/guides to the study. - It helps in developing research tools. - It should be clearly phrased in operational terms specifying exactly. - What you plan to do ? - To whom it will be done ? - When it will be done ? - For what purpose ?

- The research objective should be SMART. S Specific M Measurable A Achievable/accuracy R Relevant T Time bond

1.4 Research Questions/Hypotheses - Research questions are breakdown of Objectives & which are further breaks into research tools. - Hypothesis is a guessing or conjectural statement and should be tested by statistical methods but assumptions is statement of what the researcher believes to be facts but cannot verify or not to be tested.

1.5 Significance of the Study - Rationale of the study. - Justification on developing theory. - Useful for other researcher/learners. - Utility of achievements in academic sectors and developing policies and programs. - Supporting for community development in concerned population and study area. - Solving the problems of related issues.

1.6 Delimitations of the Study Boundaries of the study (time, population, content area and geographical area) - It is also called inclusion criteria of the study. 1.7 Operational Definition of the Terms Used General definition as well as operational definition should be stated of the important terms used. - This should be operational and thus contextual.

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE It is the study/review of: What researches have been done in the subject? What others have written about the topic? What theories have been advanced? What approaches taken by the other researchers? What are the areas of agreements & disagreements? Whether there are gap that can fill through the proposed research?

It is useful in: - Topic Selection - Introduction Chapter - Methodology -Research Design - Conceptual Framework Making - Analysis and Interpretation - Summary/Findings/Conclusion - Recommendations - Bibliography/References - House Style (Format)- Department Format

Types of Literature Review a. Theoretical Review 1. Books 2 Types of Literature Review a. Theoretical Review 1. Books 2. Magazines 3. Articles (Professional/Research) 4. Seminar Paper b. Empirical Review 1. Data based Theses & Dissertations 2. Research Reports 3. Survey Data

The presentation of literature should be done in the following ways: 1. Chronological – Date wise 2. Geographical – Place/Area wise 3. Thematic – Theme/Meaning wise - After the presentation of literature review; the summary of reviewed literature should be made.

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design (Quantitative/Qualitative) 3.2 Study Population/Universe 3.3 Sources of Data (Primary/Secondary) 3.4 Sampling Procedures & Sample Size 3.5 Development of Tools Used 3.6 Validation of Tools/Standardization of Tools (Validity, Reliability, Applicability) 3.7 Procedure of Data Collection 3.8 Data Processing, Analysis & Interpretation

- Presentation of Data - a. Editing (Completeness, CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA - Analysis means the categorizing, ordering, manipulating and summarizing of data to obtain answers to research questions. -Kerlinger - Interpretation is the explanation of the analyzed data with comparing known indices. It may be regional, national, international, between different population and sub-groups of the same population. - Presentation of Data - a. Editing (Completeness, Consistency, Accuracy) b. Coding c. Classification d. Tabulation e. Graphic Presentation

Processing and Presentation of Data Processing of Data 1. Editing of Data - Completeness of data - Accuracy of data - Uniformity of data - Consistency of data 2. Codification of data (No., Sign, Symbol)

3 Classification of data i. Qualitative Classification (no statistical method used, analysis of attributes/ characteristics) ii. Quantitative Classification - Class interval (individual series, discrete series, continuous series)

Presentation of Data 1. Simple description 2. Tabular presentation - Dummy table - Analytical table 3. Graphic presentation a. Bar graph (mono, di, multicharacter) b. Pie chart c. Line graph d. Pyramid e. Histogram

Interpretation of Data To give meaning to the analysis. On the basis of objectives/research questions/hypotheses Researcher’s own experiences/observation On the basis of data, facts, literatures and theories

CHAPTER – V: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 CHAPTER – V: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary The main objective of writing summary is to give the readers an overview of the nature of the problem, objectives of the study, the research design and significant findings.

5.2 Findings It is point wise presentation of outcomes of analysis and interpretation of obtained or collected data. It should be related to the objectives and number of questions included in the research tools.

5.3 Conclusion Adding new information / challenging theories/what has been learnt from the results or findings. 5.4 Recommendations - Recommendations for further improvement. - Recommendations for further study. - Implications is used in qualitative research in stead of recommendations.

References/Bibliography References consist of all the documents, including journal articles, books, technical reports, theses, computer programs and unpublished works that are cited in the text of manuscript. Bibliography is the list of cited and consulted documents for the research.

Appendices An appendix may be useful in providing detailed information that would seem inappropriate or to long for the main body of the paper. Materials that generally should be in appendix includes questionnaire, interview schedule, observation form and other relevant supporting materials. It is also called storehouse for the tabulation, chart, map, formula, statistical calculation, etc.

Thank you