Nouns table Mt. SAC dog victor Los Angeles shoes homework candy car

Possessive Nouns Jerry’s Kathy’s cat’s Peter’s Joe and Molly’s

Object Pronouns me you him her it them us

Possessive Pronouns my your his her its their our

Adjectives easy important heavy dedicated honest free Elegant lonely compassionate lazy talkative happy responsible messy impossible talented

Prepositions to of by at in on for with between among against about

to + base form to work to study to love Infinitives to + base form to work to study to love

Infinitives as Subjects Infinitives can be used as subject of sentences. To dance professionally is her dream. To play with guns is dangerous. However, it is used more often. It is her dream to dance professionally. It is dangerous to play with guns.

Infinitives as objects Infinitives can be the objects of the verbs. Students promised to do their homework. Did Steve decide to work overtime? Have you ever needed to borrow money? Jane didn’t want to marry young. David can’t wait to visit Africa.

You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by infinitives. Check your book on A-3 You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by infinitives. agree choose expect forget learn promise plan would like refuse pretend intend would love

Noun + Infinitive Ken convinced Nicole to marry him. Vincent wanted his wife to work part-time. I didn’t have time to call you. Alan has the talent to become a famous painter. Tony promised his parents to visit them soon.

Object Pronouns + Infinitives Did your parents allow you to date when you were fifteen? My boss needs me to work over-time. Susan is crazy about John. She would like him to ask her out. Kathy’s husband doesn’t work at all. He expects her to support him.

Adjectives + Infinitives I am delighted to see you again. Are you determined to learn English? Rosie was sad to break up with Tom. Students are always eager to take a break. The plane was ready to leave when the flight was cancelled.

Negative Infinitives not + infinitive We decided not to watch the news. The thief was careful not to leave evidence in the crime scene.

Infinitives in a Series There is no need to repeat to when you have more than one infinitive in a sentence. Kathy needs to read, write and speak in English at her job. Fred tries not to be late and leave early.

Infinitives are used to explain the purpose of an action People exercise to feel and look better. Why are you here? I’m here to improve my English.

Verb + ing working studying learning Gerunds Verb + ing working studying learning

Gerunds as Subjects Gerunds are used as subjects of sentences. Going to concerts is exciting. Smoking was popular in the 60’s. Cooking international food is fun. Eating junk makes me sick.

Do you enjoy watching people dance? Gerunds as Objects Gerunds can be the objects of the verbs. Do you enjoy watching people dance? Robert quit drinking and smoking. Have you ever postponed studying?

You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by gerunds. Check your book on A-2 You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by gerunds. enjoy finish imagine put off avoid consider keep deny practice postpone dislike quit

Possessives + Gerunds Possessive Noun Possessive Pronoun We like my father’s cooking. Rosie doesn’t tolerate Mike’s snoring. Possessive Pronoun Michael is a heavy drinker. His wife hates his drinking habits.

Prepositions + Gerunds Gerunds can be objects of prepositions. By exercising and eating a healthy diet, Alan stays in shape. Jerry insisted on moving to Texas. Edward bought a car because he was tired of taking the bus.

Negative Gerunds not + gerund Christopher and Jessica talked about not getting married in June. Not having a job is stressful.

Infinitive or Gerund?

Some verbs are followed by gerunds or infinitives and the meaning is the same. Joe likes to fish. It began to rain. Do you hate to get up early? Joe likes fishing. It began raining. Do you hate getting up early?

Some verbs are followed by gerunds or infinitives and the meaning is different. stop remember forget

stop stop + gerund = to quit an activity stop + infinitive = to quit one activity in order to do another Bob was fixing his car, but he stopped to smoke. (Bob stopped working on his car because he wanted to smoke.) stop + gerund = to quit an activity Bob had a heart attack, so he stopped smoking. (Bob doesn’t smoke anymore.)

remember (First James remembered. Then he locked the door.) remember + infinitive = to remember something and then do it. James remembered to lock the door. (First James remembered. Then he locked the door.) remember + gerund = remember that something happened earlier. James remembered locking the door. (First James locked the door. Then he remembered he did it.)

forget (Steve didn’t pay his bills.) forget + infinitive = not to do an activity you are expected to do Steve forgot to pay his bills. (Steve didn’t pay his bills.) forget + gerund = you do an activity, but later you don’t remember the event Steve forgets paying his bills. (Steve pays his bills, but he doesn’t remember that he pays them.)

Forget, Remember, Stop 1. She forgot to bring her purse, so I lent her ten dollars. 2. Do you remember to pack your glasses. You won’t be able to read without them. 3. James was tired, so he stop driving. 4. Do you remember getting in trouble when you were a kid? 5. Stop bothering me. I’m trying to study. 6. The teacher always says, “Remember to do your homework. 7. When the test starts, the students stop talking. 8. You should remember to use capital letters with the days of the week.

Forget, Remember, Stop 9. I didn’t do well on the last idioms quiz because I forgot to study. 10. When I learn more English, I will stop using my dictionary so much. 11. When you are tired of studying, stop to take a break. 12. Will you remember to do your homework tonight? 13. Do you remember learning the gerunds and infinitives last semester? 14. Mark is mad at me because I forgot to call him. 15. I saw my friend in the hallway, and I stopped to speak to her. 16. I remember not understanding English a few months ago.

Complete these sentences about yourself. Before coming to the United States………….… I dreamed about I planned on I looked forward to I worried about I was interested in After coming to the United States……………. I am proud of I have adjusted to I often complain about I think about I’m capable of

Verb + Infinitive Talk about your plans. Use the verbs below. plan / study would like / find decide / travel want / see expect / live try / learn how intend / buy volunteer / help need / save hope / become

Summary Gerunds Infinitives 1. Subject Traveling abroad has been my dream. 2. Possessive noun I enjoy Alan’s singing and dancing. 3. Possessive pronouns: (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) I can’t tolerate his drinking. 4. Preposition Who is interested in working here? 5. Object of the verb avoided considered Alan kept driving. didn’t mind enjoyed Infinitives 1. Subject To become an actor was his dream. 2. Noun Peter invited Rosie to dance. 3. Object Pronouns: (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) Molly asked me to give her a ride. 4. Adjective I am always happy to see you. 5. Purpose They went dancing to relax. 6. Object of the verb. didn’t want needed Alan plans to study. decided promised

Review Gerund and Infinitive would like on pretend angry finish school promise agree seem them learn can’t afford Mike’s to prefer before mean our love happy keep choose

learn enjoy hope consider begin hate feel like like would like refuse finish seem try avoid can’t afford look forward to postpone mind mean detest offer agree forget miss keep continue

offer cold me need avoid by consider music plan wish sick try expect admit refuse dog mind at start postpone forget heavy decide his like offer

mean decide need want pretend promise quit learn prefer love stop avoid hope mind start enjoy postpone refuse avoid plan wish admit expect

refuse learn consider offer seem remember avoid practice hope wish plan agree begin start finish forget postpone seem mind hate wish like

Review Gerund, Infinitive , Base Form love enjoy make him impossible at stop plan help us finish agree eager his of let David forget them their has them postpone continue

Review Gerund, Infinitive , Base Form you remember have you father Joe’s want make her dislike hate seem mind lucky let the students him get me avoid us help them begin