Alternate Views Introduction to Engineering Design © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Alternate Views In some cases, orthogonal projections and pictorials are not sufficient to specify all the details of a part. Section View. Used to show “inside” details not apparent on the exterior of the part Auxiliary View. Used to show features that are located on an inclined surface in true size and shape Detail View. Used to show a “close-up” view of features that are too small to adequately specify in another view

Section View Provides a view of an object as if it were cut by a saw Location is indicated by a cutting plane line on another view Cutting plane line

Section View Cutting plane line Indicates location of the cut Thick and broken line Arrows indicate direction of view Labeled with a letter for identification on drawing Cutting plane line

Section View Section lines Hatch lines that indicate material that was “cut” at the cutting plane line Thin lines Section lines Cutting plane line

Section View Types Full Section Half Section Offset Section

Full Section Cutting plane line passes fully through the part The part of the object behind the cutting plane line (away from the direction of the arrows) is removed

Full Section Example Section lines indicate material that is cut by the cutting plane line Imagine the part is cut at cutting plane line Direction of View This half of the part is removed

Full Section Example Section lines indicate material that is cut by the cutting plane line Imagine the part is cut at cutting plane line Direction of View This half of the part is removed

Half Section Used on symmetrical parts to show inside as well as outside details in one view One quarter of the part is cut away Cutting plane line goes halfway through the part

Half Section Example Half Section Only one arrowhead in the direction of view Note that the cutting plane line cuts away a quarter of the part Half Section

Offset Section Interior features not in line with each other can be shown in an offset section view Note how the cutting plane line changes direction and follows the center of each feature

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Auxiliary Views Orthographic projection of an inclined plane (angled surface) which appears foreshortened in a principle orthographic projection Used to show the true size and shape of an inclined plane and the features on it

Auxiliary Views Foreshortened surfaces do not give a clear or accurate representation of the size or shape of the surface or features and should not be dimensioned foreshortened face TOP FRONT RIGHT SIDE

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Auxiliary Views An auxiliary view allows the viewer to look perpendicular to an angled surface to witness the true size and shape of that surface and its features (a hole in this example). True Height Auxiliary Distance TOP We will not use auxiliary views in this unit, but they will be presented in more detail in Unit 8. FRONT RIGHT SIDE

Detail Views An enlargement of a portion of another view to illustrate small features on a part Not to be confused with a Detail Drawing which is any drawing that contains all the information needed to manufacture a part

Detail View Example A feature is broken out and enlarged for clarity

Holes and Hole Notes Introduction to Engineering Design © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Hole Definitions Through/Thru Clearance Blind Hole cuts through entire thickness Clearance Hole large enough to allow screw head (and driver) to pass through Blind Hole does not cut through entire thickness

Hole Definitions Countersink Counterbore Tapped Conical-shaped recess around hole at surface Often used to accept tapered screw Counterbore Cylindrical recess around hole at surface Often used to receive a bolt head or nut Tapped Hole has internal threads

Hole Note Symbols

Hole Notes A 0.25” diameter blind hole is drilled 0.75” deep. Then a 0.38” diameter counter bore is drilled 0.25” deep. Counterbore or Spotface symbol Depth symbol

Hole Notes A 0.38” diameter blind hole is drilled 0.50” deep.

Hole Notes A 0.38” diameter hole is drilled completely through the object.

Hole Notes Countersink or symbol A 0.50” diameter hole is drilled completely through the object. Then a countersink is created with a 1.00” diameter at the surface and tapering at 82º.

Thread Notes Thread are dimensioned with the use of local notes. Two methods Unified National Thread method ISO

Unified National Thread Notes Thread per Inch Major Diameter Coarse or Fine threads. In this case C for course, F is for fine.

ISO Thread Notes 1.5, Pitch of the threads 12, Nominal Diameter in mm Prior to THRU may appear an LH for Left Hand thread M for Metric H, allowance. H means no allowance, G means tight allowance. 6, Grade of tolerance in the threads. Can be whole number from 3 to 9.