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© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Simple Squamous Epithelium LOCATIONS: Mesothelia lining pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; endothelia lining heart and blood vessels; portions of kidney tubules (thin sections of nephron loops); inner lining of cornea; alveoli of lungs FUNCTIONS: Reduces friction; controls vessel permeability; performs absorption and secretion Cytoplasm Nucleus Connective tissue Lining of peritoneal cavity LM × 238 a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium LOCATIONS: Surface of skin; lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina FUNCTIONS: Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack Squamous superficial cells Stem cells Basement membrane Connective tissue Surface of tongue LM × 310 b

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium LOCATIONS: Glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules; thyroid gland FUNCTIONS: Limited protection, secretion, absorption Connective tissue Nucleus Cuboidal cells Basement membrane Kidney tubule LM × 650 a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium LOCATIONS: Lining of some ducts (rare) FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, absorption Lumen of duct Stratified cuboidal cells Basement membrane Nucleus Connective tissue Sweat gland duct LM × 500 b

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Transitional Epithelium LOCATIONS: Urinary bladder; renal pelvis; ureters FUNCTIONS: Permits repeated cycles of stretching without damage Epithelium (not stretched) Basement membrane Empty bladder Connective tissue and smooth muscle layers LM × 400 (stretched) Full bladder Urinary bladder c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Loose connective tissue Simple Columnar Epithelium LOCATIONS: Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, absorption Microvilli Cytoplasm Nucleus Intestinal lining Basement membrane Loose connective tissue LM × 350 a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium LOCATIONS: Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi; portions of male reproductive tract FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, move mucus with cilia Cilia Cytoplasm Nuclei Basement membrane Loose connective tissue Trachea LM × 350 b

Stratified Columnar Epithelium LOCATIONS: Small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra FUNCTION: Protection Lumen Loose connective tissue Deeper cells Superficial columnar cells Cytoplasm Nuclei Salivary gland duct Basement membrane LM × 175 c

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-9 Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cells are long, cylindrical, striated, and multinucleate. LOCATIONS: Combined with connective tissues and neural tissue in skeletal muscles FUNCTIONS: Moves or stabilizes the position of the skeleton; guards entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; generates heat; protects internal organs Striations Nuclei Muscle fiber Skeletal muscle LM × 180 a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Smooth Muscle Tissue Cells are short, spindle shaped, and nonstriated, with a single, central nucleus. LOCATIONS: Found in the walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs FUNCTIONS: Moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions; controls diameter of respiratory passageways; regulates diameter of blood vessels Nuclei Smooth muscle cells Smooth muscle LM × 235 c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Cardiac Muscle Tissue Nuclei Cardiac muscle cells Intercalated discs Cells are short, branched, and striated, usually with a single nucleus; cells are interconnected by intercalated discs. LOCATION: Heart FUNCTIONS: Circulates blood; maintains blood pressure Striations Cardiac muscle LM × 450 b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.