The Principles of Design

The Principles of Design Tell us how the elements, color, line, shape and texture should be combined to achieve harmony. Harmony is the goal of design. Good design is pleasing to the eye and makes the wearer look her best.

1. Balance Produces equality among the parts of a design or outfit. Side to side Top to bottom Front to back Stability is achieved when all sides of a design appear equal in weight.

Formal Balance Is symmetrical – one side just like the other. Dignified and formal.

Informal Balance Creates equilibrium with an asymmetrical arrangement of design details. More informal, interesting and dramatic than formal balance.

2. Proportion Is the spatial (size) relationship of all the parts of a design to each other and to the whole. Most pleasing when areas are divided unevenly. Short jacket over long skirt. Long top with short skirt.

Buttons and trimmings should relate to the size of the garment. Garments should be related to the structure and proportion of the body. A large plaid shirt would be attractive on a tall man, but would overpower a small girl. Buttons and trimmings should relate to the size of the garment. A tiny pocket won't work on a heavy, large overcoat.

Proportion

3. Emphasis What is seen first. Most commonly used to draw attention to the face. Can include a second emphasis, if done carefully.

Emphasis

4. Rhythm Moves viewers eyes through the lines and spaces of a design from one part to another. Repetition – repeats lines, shapes, colors or textures. Gradation – gradual increase or decrease of similar design elements. (progression) Radiation – lines emerge from a central point like rays. Parts have equal distance from a point.

Radiation

Gradiation

Repetition

5. Harmony Exists when garments are pleasing to the eye and suit the wearer. Accessories often tie outfits together and create harmony.