Focus 5/9 Human rights violations have occurred numerous times throughout history. Some examples are the Bosnian Ethnic Cleansing, Apartheid in South Africa, and the Rape of Nanking. Many of these events have largely received little to no response from the United Nations. After the Holocaust in 1945, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in an attempt to recognize basic human rights and punish those who violate these rights.

Global II Regents Review Human Rights Violations Rise and Fall of Soviet Union

Human Rights Violations Tiananmen Square – students in China demand greater political freedom in late 1980s – Chinese Communist authorities crack down, many protestors are killed or wounded.

Human Rights Violations Human rights are those basic political, economic, and societal rights to which all people are entitled.

Human Rights Violations Rape of Nanking- - Atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers against Chinese civilians during World War II in Chinese city of Nanking.

Human Rights Violations Apartheid in South Africa Apartheid is systematic segregation of black Africans in South Africa Black majority is oppressed by White Minority White President F.W. de Klerk fights to end apartheid Nelson Mandela also fights to end apartheid

Human Rights Violations Genocide in Rwanda Hutu commit atrocities in Rwanda Hutu majority murders and abuses members of minority Tutsis

Human Rights Violations Cambodia Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge, influenced by Marxist principles, begin the mass killing of fellow Cambodians who they see as educated Pol Pot wants an Agrarian Society Begins calendar at Year Zero

Human Rights Violations Armenian Genocide Occurs in Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks begin to exterminate Armenian Christians

Human Rights Violations Kosovo – Bosnia Serbian Christians led by Slobodan Milosevic practice Ethnic Cleansing by forcibly removing ethnic groups, especially Albanian Muslims, by brutatality and murder.

Human Rights Violations Holocaust - Hitler and the Nazi practice genocide against Jews in Germany and Eastern Europe

Rise and Fall of Soviet Union

Russian Revolution Long Term Causes of Russian Rev. Czars resist change Czars use brutal tactics Peasant Unrest Problems of Urban Workers

Russian Revolution Short Term Causes of Russian Revolution Russia defeated in Russo-Japanese War “Bloody Sunday” Revolution of 1905 World War I

Russian Revolution Bolshevik Revolution Lenin gains support by promising “land, peace, and bread” Lenin takes over and creates totalitarian government based on Marxist principles

Russian Revolution Lenin introduces New Economic Policy with elements of free market

Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin comes to power and starts Great Purge Stalin turns Soviet Union into a Totalitarian State Stalin’s Five Year Plans attempt to Industrialize Soviet Union

Soviet Union

Soviet Union Cold War Begins after World War II Germany and Korea Divided Soviets Expand influence throughout Eastern Europe – IRON CURTAIN!!! Soviets and allies create Warsaw Pact West creates NATO

Soviet Union Cold War Conflicts - Berlin Airlift Soviets invade Hungary in 1956 Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall Built in 1961 Korean War Vietnam War

Soviet Union U.S. and Soviets go through a period of Détente or easing of tensions U.S. and Soviets agree to eliminate a group of nuclear weapons

Soviet Union Afghanistan War – Soviets invade Afghanistan in 1979 War causes tension between Soviets and U.S. War leads to low morale in Soviet Union

Soviet Union 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power and introduces policies of perestroika and glasnost Perestroika – government and economic reform Glasnost openness

Soviet Union Ethnic minorities demand self-determination Economy stagnates Soviet Union collapses