Aristotle: 384BCE-322BCE Walt: analyse Aristotles’ Four Causes Starter: list the causes of a tree, list the purposes of a tree

Aristotle would say that the ‘Form’ of the horse is simple a construct that humans apply after experiencing a number of horses. The idea/Form of a horse is simply made up of the general characteristics of horses (the particulars)

Plato rationalism vs Aristotle empiricism What’s the difference between other rodents? Per genus at per differentia (type and difference) Unlike remembering things from the world of forms we learn through practice and skills. What kind of rodent am I? What is the type or the genus?

Plato rationalism vs Aristotle empiricism Plato education drawing out the mind and knowledge Knowledge based careful observations We gain knowledge through a variety of ways: experience and practice. Aristotle observes nature such as the eclipse of the moon- how do you think he found this out?

Efficient Cause - What effectively caused it – the person chiselling/carving it Material Cause – What is it made from? -matter Formal Cause – what is the idea (form) e.g from the sculptors mind Final Cause - the final purpose- to show beauty, have a statue of Alexander the Great

The Four Causes Material Cause – What is it made from -matter Efficient Cause - What effectively caused it – the person chiseling/carving it Formal Cause – what it the idea (form) e.g from the sculptors mind Final Cause - the final purpose- to show beauty, have a way statue of Alexander the Great

Aristotle Cause has no meaning till it has an effect But Aristotle does not enquire about why things change but why are they themselves. X brings about Y, but why both X and Y?

Aristotle Starter: lets play 20 questions Aristotle was the ancient founder of this game- using logic. Remember Aristotle categorized everything according to its characteristics (particulars), all things could be classified in forms or species.

Omnipotent Omniscient Omnipresent God is all powerful, God can do anything. There is nothing God cannot do. God is all knowing. God sees and knows everything. There is nothing that God does not know. God is all present. God is everywhere and always present everywhere