Canada: a nation of Discrimination?

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Presentation transcript:

Canada: a nation of Discrimination? Intolerance in the 1920s Canada: a nation of Discrimination?

Emily Murphy and the Person’s case

Persons’ Case Why can Murphy’s appointment as judge be challenged? How are women declared “persons”? 1929: Emily Murphy is appointed a magistrate (judge) in Alberta She wants to be a senator Opposition: a woman is not a “person” under BNA act & can’t hold public office 1928: take the case to supreme court of Canada – rules that Women are not “persons” under the constitution Challenge ruling: go to the Privy Council in Britain Privy council rules that women are persons Oct. 18, 1929 Meaning: Women can now legally hold public office

Immigrants in 1920s Who is allowed into Canada? Immigrants for Russia: seen as socialist revolutionaries Preference given to US and British immigrants 1925 - allow more immigration to increase domestic market for businesses – many live in slums and have terrible wages Asian: strict restrictions 1922: restrict Japan to 150 servants and labourers per year 1923: Chinese Exclusion Act replaces Head Tax (until 1947)

Aboriginals in 1920s How does Canada discriminate against first nation s people? 1920s: Aboriginals not “persons” Cannot vote provincially or federally (1960) Conditions on reserves: dire poverty Open hostility and discrimmination Residential schools aimed at assimilation – children removed from home, physical and emotional abuse

Aboriginals in 1920s How does Canada discriminate against first nation s people? 1920s: challenge Federal Gov. on: Potlatch ceremony (made illegal) Aboriginal Title and Cut-off lands: Government is taking land/ moving people at will First Nation Action: Will petition British Privy council for help Allied Tribes Of BC petition gov. for Treaty Negotiations Response: Arrests Federal Gov. changes the Indian Act so they can keep taking land without consent (no longer allowed to complain)

Aboriginals in 1920s How does Canada discriminate against first nation s people? Response: Arrests Federal Gov. changes the Indian Act so they can keep taking land without consent Parliamentary committee recommends no treaties in BC, and Indian act is changed to forbid raising and accepting $ to further land claims (can no longer complain)

African Canadians in 1920s Are African-Canadians discriminated against? Discrimination Ex. Nova Scotia 1918 Education Act created separate schools for “Blacks” and “Europeans” until 1954 1921: Supreme court of Quebec ruled in favour or segregated movie theatres in Montreal But, 1919: Brotherhood of Railway Workers is first union to support Black members 1924: Edmonton City council refuses to ban African Canadians from public parks and pools

1920’s: Regional differences Complaints of Maritimes? Of Farmers on Prairies? Why does the Progressive party form? Maritimes feel their influence on gov. declining due to small population and slow economy (demand for Alberta oil, not coal) Prairies: farmers frustrated by national policy on tariffs on foreign goods – benefits manufacturers (buy Canadian) but not crops sold in world market – want free trade Farmers form own political party provincially, and get seats Federal: farmers create the Progressive Party (want free trade and public railways)