Time Period 6.3.2 Social Change Janna Wildermuth and Bethany Wilkins

Social changes inspired debate over citizenship, corruption, and the relationship between business and Government

C. The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v C. The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that African Americans could be separate but equal. African Americans still faced violence and discrimination. African Reformers continued to fight for political and social equality

Details Jim Crow laws Poll taxes Grandfather laws Laws in the south that enforced racial segregation Poll taxes A fee that made it difficult for African Americans to vote Grandfather laws Loophole around the poll tax and literacy tests to give poor, uneducated, white men voting rights Literacy tests to vote Written test that was a part of voter registration in order to deny suffrage to African Americans Impact of Plessy vs. Ferguson Separate but equal for African Americans

Details Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise (1895) Spoke to a primarily white audience about racial cooperation and acceptance of racial segregation National Association of Colored Women (1896) Promoted equal protection of the rights of African Americans women and children Paul Lawrence Dunbar’s Lyric of Lowly Life (1896) Collection of poetry that captured the experience of poor treatment for African Americans Slave era Jim Crow era

Time Period 7.2.1 Popular Culture

The influence of popular culture grew in the U. S The influence of popular culture grew in the U.S. even though there had been an increase of debates over the effects of culture on public views, morals, and American national identity

Restrictions on freedom of speech grew during WW1; increased anxiety about radicalism led to attacks on labor activism and immigrant culture

Details Red Scare Immigration Act of 1917 Real or imagined promotion of fear of communism, anarchism, and radical leftism Immigration Act of 1917 Law that restricted “undesirables” from immigration to America Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-18) Prohibited many forms of speech Schenck vs U.S. (1919) Supreme Court case concerning espionage; limits on the first amendment Palmer Raids (1920) Arrested suspected radical leftist, anarchist and deported them from the U.S.

In the 1920s, cultural and political controversies emerged as Americans debated gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration.

Details Flappers Fundamentalism vs. Modernism Women who were characterized by their bobbed hair, short skirts, and enjoyment of jazz music Fundamentalism vs. Modernism Fundamentalism- emphasis on a literal reading of the Bible, remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life Modernism- Questioning of social conventions and traditional authorities, considered outmoded by the accelerating changes of twentieth-century life Scopes “Monkey” Trial (1925) Between John Thomas Scopes and the state of Tennessee Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 ($1300) Butler Act forbade the teaching of evolution in public schools John Thomas was charged for violated Tennessee law against teaching evolution instead of divine creation of man