On Target? Do this on your Warm Up worksheet! PLEASE put today’s date (3/6/17) in the MONDAY box of your warm up! The diagram below shows DNA replicating itself. 1) WHERE in the cell does this occur? 2) WHEN does this occur? Take your orange packet out for me to stamp!

For Today: Warm Up DNA Replication Video Concept Map Compare/Contrast with DNA model Objective: I can use the rule of base pairs to correctly replicate DNA strands.

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? DNA Orange Packet What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? DNA Orange Packet What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide? DNA Orange Packet What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?

What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide? DNA Orange Packet What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?

What nucleotide component contains nitrogen? DNA Orange Packet What nucleotide component contains nitrogen?

What nucleotide component contains nitrogen? DNA Orange Packet What nucleotide component contains nitrogen?

Name the four nitrogen bases shown in model 1 DNA Orange Packet Name the four nitrogen bases shown in model 1

Name the four nitrogen bases shown in model 1 DNA Orange Packet Name the four nitrogen bases shown in model 1

DNA Orange Packet DNA is often shown as a “ladder model.” Locate this drawing in model 1. Circle a single nucleotide on each side of the ladder model of DNA

DNA Orange Packet DNA is often shown as a “ladder model.” Locate this drawing in model 1. Circle a single nucleotide on each side of the ladder model of DNA

What part(s) of the nucleotides make up the rungs of the “ladder?” DNA Orange Packet What part(s) of the nucleotides make up the rungs of the “ladder?”

DNA Orange Packet What part(s) of the nucleotides make up the rungs of the “ladder?” Nitrogenous bases!

DNA Orange Packet What part(s) of the nucleotides make up the sides (backbone) of the “ladder?”

DNA Orange Packet What part(s) of the nucleotides make up the sides (backbone) of the “ladder?” Sugars and phosphates!

DNA Orange Packet Look at the bottom and top of the “ladder” in Model 1. Are the rungs parallel or antiparallel?

DNA Orange Packet Look at the bottom and top of the “ladder” in Model 1. Are the rungs parallel or antiparallel?

DNA Orange Packet On the ladder model, label each of the bases with the letter A, T, C, or G.

DNA Orange Packet On the ladder model, label each of the bases with the letter A, T, C, or G. C G T A A T G C C G T A

DNA Orange Packet Refer to model 1. When one nucleotide contains adenine, what type of base is the adenine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand?

DNA Orange Packet Refer to model 1. When one nucleotide contains adenine, what type of base is the adenine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand? Thymine!

DNA Orange Packet The two strands of DNA are held together with hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases. These are weak bonds between polar molecules. How many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases in question 4?

DNA Orange Packet The two strands of DNA are held together with hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases. These are weak bonds between polar molecules. How many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases in question 4? TWO! T A

DNA Orange Packet Refer to model 1. When one nucleotide contains cytosine, what type of base is the cytosine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand?

DNA Orange Packet Refer to model 1. When one nucleotide contains cytosine, what type of base is the cytosine attached to on the opposite nucleotide strand? Guanine!

How many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases in question 6? DNA Orange Packet How many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases in question 6?

How many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases in question 6? DNA Orange Packet How many hydrogen bonds connect the two bases in question 6? THREE! C G

DNA Orange Packet With your group, use a complete sentence to write a rule for how the bases are arranged in the ladder model of DNA

DNA Orange Packet With your group, use a complete sentence to write a rule for how the bases are arranged in the ladder model of DNA Adenine always bonds with thymine, and cytosine always bonds with guanine.

DNA Orange Packet Fill in the complementary bases on the strand below according to the base-pair rule. A T C C A G

DNA Orange Packet Fill in the complementary bases on the strand below according to the base-pair rule. A T C C A G T A G G T C

DNA Orange Packet The ladder model of DNA is a simplified representation of the actual structure and shape of a DNA molecule. In reality, the strands of DNA form a double helix. Refer to the double helix diagram in Model 1 and describe its shape using a complete sentence.

DNA Orange Packet Examine model 2. Number the steps below in order to describe the replication of DNA in a cell. ___ Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form. ___ Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break. ___ Strands of DNA seperate. ___ Free nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA.

DNA Orange Packet Examine model 2. Number the steps below in order to describe the replication of DNA in a cell. _4_ Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form. _ 1_ Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break. _ 2_ Strands of DNA seperate. _ 3_ Free nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA.

What type of biological molecule is DNA helicase? DNA Orange Packet What type of biological molecule is DNA helicase?

What type of biological molecule is DNA helicase? DNA Orange Packet What type of biological molecule is DNA helicase? Protein!

What is the role of DNA helicase in the replication of DNA? DNA Orange Packet What is the role of DNA helicase in the replication of DNA?

DNA Orange Packet What is the role of DNA helicase in the replication of DNA? Breaks and separates the strands of DNA

DNA Orange Packet What rule is used to join the free nucleotides to the exposed bases of the DNA?

Adenine always bonds with thymine, guanine always bonds with cytosine. DNA Orange Packet What rule is used to join the free nucleotides to the exposed bases of the DNA? Adenine always bonds with thymine, guanine always bonds with cytosine.

DNA Orange Packet This type of replication is called semi-conservative replication. Considering the meaning of these words (semi- half; conserve- to keep), explain why DNA replication is called semi-conservative.

DNA Orange Packet This type of replication is called semi-conservative replication. Considering the meaning of these words (semi- half; conserve- to keep), explain why DNA replication is called semi-conservative. Replication is only copying half of the DNA, the other half is not copied.

DNA Orange Packet DNA molecules can be tens of thousands of base pairs in length. Mistakes in DNA replication can lead to mutations, which may or may not be harmful to an organism. How does semi-conservative replication help prevent mutations during DNA replication?

Less DNA to copy = less chances for mistakes! DNA Orange Packet DNA molecules can be tens of thousands of base pairs in length. Mistakes in DNA replication can lead to mutations, which may or may not be harmful to an organism. How does semi-conservative replication help prevent mutations during DNA replication? Less DNA to copy = less chances for mistakes!

DNA Orange Packet The proportions of the bases are consistent within a species; however they do vary between species. Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms.

DNA Orange Packet Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms. 19 31 22 28 29 21 23 23 27 19 31

How does DNA work? if DNA can’t get out of nucleus, what carries the information it contains out to the ribosomes? Direct Instruction: set up diagram for them to label/fill in as they read Remind them what they already know: nucleus, cell, ribosomes, DNA Questions to pose them: if DNA can’t get out of nucleus, what carries the information it contains out to the ribosomes?

Nucleus (hallway outside our classroom) Ribosomes DNA Nucleus (hallway outside our classroom) Ribosomes Direct Instruction: set up diagram for them to label/fill in as they read Remind them what they already know: nucleus, cell, ribosomes, DNA Questions to pose them: if DNA can’t get out of nucleus, what carries the information it contains out to the ribosomes? What are the bases of that carrier molecule (uracil)? Cytoplasm = classroom space Cell =3rd floor of school!

Complete your diagram!-I will stamp tomorrow as your warm up! Read pages 188-189 Label the parts of the diagram you read about in your notebook (not all parts will be in the reading! You should at least label mRNA) Below your diagram, write the definitions for the following words (you may have to use the glossary in the back of the book): Transcription Translation mRNA Uracil