Do Now Please complete the following: Put belongings away Have vocabulary on your desk for a check Turn to your organelle note sheet (with the 2 cell diagrams)

3. Cytoplasm Thick-fluid solution filling cells, enclosed by the membrane Site of most chemical reactions

4. Nucleus Controls all the activities of the cell Brain of the cell Contains Chromosomes (DNA) Brain of the cell Surrounded by a Nuclear Envelope, separating it from the rest of the cell Contains Nucleolus, lil’ Nucleas Makes RNA

5. Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Where proteins are made Can be floating free in cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum Helps to transport proteins Maze of passage ways

6. Chloroplasts* **Not found in animal cells** Site of photosynthesis Contains green pigment Chlorophyll

7. Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration “Power house” of the cell Where chemical reactions occur producing energy (ATP) “Power house” of the cell Contain their own DNA and can replicate Sometimes are linked with ribosomes

8. Vacuole Stores nutrients for energy and wastes Large, round sac-like structure generally storing water MUCH larger in plant cells which can have central vacuole.

CELLS and how they relate to Life Functions

The Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of structure. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

The Cell Theory A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing all the life functions.

The Cell Theory All cells come from pre-existing cells. Through mitosis one cell makes 2 cells, etc.

Exceptions to the Theory Viruses: Cannot replicate except in a host Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have their own DNA and can replicate

Cell Membrane Helps control: Regulation: Membrane allows nutrients and small molecules in. Keeps large molecules and bad stuff out

Cell Membrane Excretion: All waste products exit through the membrane Carbon dioxide

Cell Membrane Transport: materials are ABSORBED Nutrition The ingestion of food

Cell Membrane GROWTH The membrane must increase in size

Cytoplasm Synthesis – lots of molecules are made here Growth – an increase in the number of molecules = growth Transport : diffusion

Chloroplasts Only in plant cells, convert sun light to energy Synthesis site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS Reproduction they have their own DNA and can make copies of themselves Synthesis make proteins at their own ribosomes

Mitochondria Respiration site of aerobic respiration Reproduction they have their own DNA and can make copies of themselves Synthesis make proteins at their own ribosomes

Nucleus Reproduction Mitosis starts here Synthesis - makes new DNA – chromosomes Regulation the DNA controls all cell activities http://www.familytreedna.com/img/understanding-dna/cell_diagram.gif

Ribosome Synthesis makes proteins Growth an increase in the number of molecules leads to growth Protein Ribosome

Vacuole Excretion – stores wastes Nutrition – stores food

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