e-Learning and the Science of Instruction-Chapter 7

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Presentation transcript:

e-Learning and the Science of Instruction-Chapter 7 Alex Ehab Kirstin Xiaofei

Chapter 7: Applying the Redundancy Principle Redundancy Principle 1: Do Not Add On- Screen Text to Narrated Graphics Psychological Reasons: Learning Styles Hypothesis Information Acquisition Theory Cognitive Theory of Multimedia

Evidence for Omitting Redundant On-Screen Text Redundant on-screen text to narrated graphics tends to hurt learning

Redundancy Principle 2: Consider Adding On-screen Text to Narration in Special Situations There are no pictures The learner has ample time to process the pictures and words The learner is likely to have difficulty processing spoken words A few key words are presented next to the corresponding part of the picture

Psychological Reasons for Exceptions to the Redundancy Principle Learner's Information Processing

Evidence for Including Redundant On-Screen Text Research shows that in certain situations learners generate approximately three times as many correct answers on a problem-solving transfer test from presentations containing concurrent spoken and printed text than from spoken alone (Moreno & Mayer, 2002a).

Summary Graphics are described by words presented in the form of audio narration, not by concurrent narration and redundant text. On-Screen text can be narrated when the screens do not include graphics. When language is challenging, words are presented as text. Short text labels are expanded with audio narration.