Cross-Border Cooperation in Homeland Security Research The case of the European Union Dr. Michel F. Bosco Head, Security Research European Commission 10th Anniversary Homeland Defense & Security Education Summit   Overcoming Barriers: Looking at the Next 10 Years of Homeland Security Strategies, Plans, Policies and Education

Cross-Border Cooperation in Homeland Security Research   Crime and threats against any occidental country are often of an international nature, and cross-border cooperation is an increasing element of success for homeland security. For a variety of reasons lack of trust weakens the response of each individual country. The European Commission has developed measures, within its “secure societies” research, development and innovation (R&D&I) program, to enhance trust among researchers, industry, and homeland security practitioners. Not only they impact positively the outcome of R&D&I in the field, but they also increase levels of trusts among the stakeholders in the “Security Union”, the homeland security enterprise of Europe. They bring innovative solutions closer to operational requirements, at more affordable costs, and they break national providers-to-customers silos, enlarge to Europe the size of otherwise niche-markets, making business investments worthwhile. They provide transnational networking opportunities among practitioners, who feel more disposed to exchange views in an area, R&D&I, generally seen less sensitive than actual operations, thus enhancing mutual trust and paving the way for operational cooperation. This presentation will describe recent European developments, and hint at how some can be transposed in the context of transatlantic cooperation.

Security research in the EU EU: 28 countries Common Security & Defence Policy Free Trade Area EU security research: 7 countries Austria Finland France Germany The Netherlands Sweden UK The European "Schengen" Zone Free Circulation of People The External EU Borders > Mismatch vs. 7 countries! EU Security Research: EU & H2020 Associated Countries

EU security research: EU-level Users (I) Recent creation of "EU-Users" of security research - (a) serves as a platform to bring together Europe’s border-control personnel and the world of research and industry to bridge the gap between technological advancement and the needs of border control authorities http://frontex.europa.eu/ manages large-scale IT systems (the EU asylum fingerprint database, the Schengen Information System, and the Visa Information System) keeping them functioning 24 hours a day, seven days a week and ensuring data security and integrity as well as compliance with data protection rules http://www.eulisa.europa.eu/ supports law enforcement authorities throughout the EU on crime fighting activities https://www.europol.europa.eu/

EU security research: EU-level Users (II) supports the EU external policies through "Embassies" and Common Security missions worldwide (e.g. operation Atalanta off the coast of Somalia, against piracy and to protect shipments) http://eeas.europa.eu/ Recent creation of "EU-Users" of security research – (b) Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) supports coordination among Member States to ensure European assistance meets the real needs in the population affected, whether in Europe or beyond. http://erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/maps/ facilitates better co-operation among Member States to combat tax fraud, and combats the flow of illegal trade and reinforces the security of the international supply chain at the EU common external border http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/

Security research in Horizon 2020 Secure societies: the protection of citizens, society and economy as well as Europe's assets, infrastructures and services, its prosperity, political stability and well-being. Any malfunction or disruption, intentional or accidental, can have a detrimental impact with high associated economic or societal costs. 1.7 billion € Horizon 2020 RD&I activities bring together international resources (three countries at least) with a variety of background (industry, academia, users) and multidisciplinary knowledge The security industry is one of the sectors with highest potential for growth and employment in the EU. In 2011, the sector employed 180,000 people in Europe, with an annual turnover of approximately €30 billion (excl. personal security).

EU security research: EU-level Program EU funding programs: - about 200M€/y (40% of EU public funding) - 40 new multi-country projects/y Participants in EU-level programs: Industry: 50% Academia: 35% "Users": 15% The 6 + Italy, Spain, Belgium and SMEs from the rest A lot from the "border" countries

Security research in H2020: Objectives Research, development and innovation to: Fight crime, illegal trafficking and terrorism, including understanding and tackling terrorist ideas and beliefs Protect and improve the resilience of critical infrastructures, supply chains and transport modes Strengthen security through border management Improve cyber security Increase Europe's resilience to crises and disasters Ensure privacy and freedom, including in the Internet, and enhance the societal legal and ethical understanding of all areas of security, risk and management Enhance standardisation and interoperability of systems, including for emergency purposes Support the Union's external security policies including through conflict prevention and peace-building

Programming the RD&I work (I) Research, Development and Innovation actions towards: Solving issues such as: - Market fragmentation > to overcome through EU-wide standards >> RD&I for standards - Gap from research to market > to reduce through pre-commercial procurements >> new RD&I funding scheme - Antagonism: security vs. ethics and societal considerations > to smoothen by thoroughly assessing the impact of security technologies on fundamental rights >> ethical review in RD&I projects

Programming the RD&I work (II) Pan-European networks of practitioners To address gap from research to market: To free security practitioners from operational work to focus on forward-looking problem-solving by: exchanging views across borders, analysing the gaps in the tools they need to operate and prioritising future R&D efforts A "practitioner organisation" is an organisation qualified or registered to practice a particular mission in the field of security or civil protection

Programming the RD&I work (III) Mandatory Participation of Specific Entities To address gap from research to market: When a topic has eligibility and admissibility conditions which state: "mandatory participation of" specific entities" (e.g.: '3 Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) from 3 different countries) means that these entities have to be participants and should be directly involved in the carrying out of the tasks foreseen in the grant. A "practitioner organisation" is an organisation qualified or registered to practice a particular mission in the field of security or civil protection

Horizon 2020 to Host International/Intercontinental Cooperation Designed to deal with transnational projects (IP, funding rules, etc.) Open to non-EU participation Open to non-EU evaluators Suitable for non-EU funding organizations to support own nationals (several actual cases so far)

Dr Michel F. Bosco Deputy Head of Unit Innovation and Industry for Security European Commission michel.bosco@ec.europa.eu