Investigating Matter Section 1.2 pages 16-27

What is Matter? Matter: everything and anything that has a mass and volume Mass: the amount of matter in a substance or object Volume: the amount of space a substance or object takes up

Chemical change A change in matter when substances combine to form new substances Takes place on molecular level; chemical bonds are broken and formed Ex. fireworks What other examples can you think of?

Physical changes A change in matter where the appearance may change but NO new substance is formed (the material itself is the same before and after the change) Involves energy and states of matter Ex. when ice or snow melts into water (change in state) What other examples can you think of?

The particle model of matter Describes the behaviour of matter All matter is made up of particles There are spaces between these particles These particles are constantly moving Particles are attracted to each other. The strength of attraction depends on the type of particle

The kinetic molecular theory (KMT) Recall from Science 8

KMT Kinetic energy is the energy of motion Particles move so they have kinetic energy This theory explains what happens when the kinetic energy of particles change  Energy makes particles move! (more energy particles have = faster they move; less energy particles have = slower they move)

Think , pair, share (30s) Using the KMT, describe the behaviour of particles as energy is added? Using the KMT, describe the behaviour of particles as energy is lost? Give examples

Temperature and changes OF state How many blanks do you remember from grade 8???

Describing matter Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured Qualitative properties: describe but DON’T measure The bowling ball is heavier than the basketball Quantitative properties: characteristics that can be measured numerically The red ball weighs 5 g

Qualitative or quantitative? The temperature increased by several degrees The temperature increased by 2° C The water is lukewarm The water was cooler than the oil The colour changed from blue to green The sound became louder as the vibrations increased The 60 W bulb was brighter than the 40 W bulb The flight lasted nine minutes Only #2 and #8 are quantitative, all others or qualitative

Physical properties of matter Qualitative: State (S,L,G) Colour Malleability (ability to be beaten into sheets) Ductility (ability to be drawn into wires) Crystallinity (shape or appearance of crystals) Magnetism (tendency to be attracted to a magnet) Quantitative: Solubility (ability to dissolve in water) Conductivity (ability to conduct electricity or heat) Viscosity (resistance to flow) Density (ratio of material’s mass to its volume) Melting/freezing point (temperature of melting/freezing) Boling/condensing point (temperature of boiling/condensing) Refer to Table 1.1 pg. 22

Pure substances A substance that is made up of only one kind of particle