Basic structure of a sentence The Language Centre La Estrella Basic structure of a sentence Making Questions C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

Basic structure of a sentence Subject Verb Object Compliment Compliment / Adverbial S + V + O + C 1 + C2 Peter drives to work. Peter drives to work everyday. Peter drives to work everyday at 7 o’clock. Gabby likes toast. Gabby likes toast for breakfast. Gabby likes toast for breakfast on Sundays. Subject Verb Object Compliment (Adverbial) C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

We can add other words to this structure S + V + O + C Peter drives to work. adverb Peter always drives to work. adverbial Peter usually drives to work at 8 o’clock Aux Peter will often drive to work at 8 o’clock Peter has always driven to work at 8 o’clock C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

Subject / Object questions 1. Look at these models. Peter is a doctor. Who is a doctor? Peter. What is Peter? A doctor John can fly a helicopter. Who can fly a helicopter? John. What can John fly? A helicopter. Maria has got a dog. Who has got a dog? Maria. What has Maria got? A dog. Notice that they all have an auxilliary verb in the structure and the same auxilliary is used to make the questions for both the subject and the object. Peter has gone to London. Who has gone to London. Peter. Peter has gone to London. Where has Peter gone. To London. This is a rule. C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

BUT This is another rule. When we ask a question about a structure that does not have an auxilliary verb in it – we have to use the auxilliary verb “do”. Maria lives in Madrid. Who lives in Madrid . Maria Maria lives in Madrid. Where does Maria live. Madrid. Brian drives a Porche. Who drives a Porche? Brian. Brian drives a Porche. What does Brian drive? A Porche. Notice that we do not need an auxilliary verb to make a question for the subjects Maria / Brian BUT we had to use one to make the question for the object Madrid / Porche This is another rule. C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

Let’s go back to a model sentence S V O C Peter drives to work everyday. To make questions about this situation we must use the structure: Question word + Auxiliary + Sub + Verb + Object + Compliment QW aux S V O C Is there an auxiliary verb in this sentence NO there isn’t - but remember - we must use an auxiliary to make questions about everything after the Subject. To do this we have to use the auxiliary verb “do” . C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

The word Peter and the word drives is 3º person so we must change “do” to “does,” and remember The Question Word comes first and then the auxilliary + SVOCA Peter drives to work everyday QW aux S + V + O + C Who drives to work everyday? Where does Peter drive everyday? When does Peter drive to work? What does Peter do everyday? Peter To work Everyday He drives to work C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella

Subject / Object Questions S V O 1. Helen hates coffee 2. Vicky is English 3. Juan can drive 4. Jenny is going to London 5. Mark went to Madrid Remember that we do not need an auxiliary verb to ask a question about the subject of the sentence. All we need is the question word – in this case WHO Who hates coffee? Helen. Who went to Madrid? Mark BUT it is obligatory to use an auxiliary verb when we ask a question about the object If the answer is 1. coffee 2. English 3. drive 4. London Madrid What does Helen hate? Coffee. What nationality is Vicky? English. What can Juan do? Drive. Where is Jenny going? To London. Where did Mark go? Madrid What is the question? Notice another rule? The verbs in 1 and 5 are in the infinitive and the auxiliary verb “do” became “does” and “did” C Materials Copyright - The Language Centre La Estrella