Isotopes.

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Presentation transcript:

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element have the same atomic number Elements have Isotopes Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. They can be a radioactive form of an element. Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons. Isotopes of the element have different numbers of neutrons.

How to name isotopes? How to write the isotope symbol? To name isotopes use the name of the element followed by the isotope’s mass number. Carbon 14 Protons = Neutrons = Electrons = Carbon 12 Protons =

Writing isotopes in the language of chemistry Example of Isotopes of chlorine atom Isotopes of chlorine Mass number 35Cl Mass number 37Cl Atomic number 17 Atomic Number 17 chlorine 35 chlorine 37 Protons = Protons = Neutrons = Neutrons = Electrons = Electrons = To name isotopes, use the name of the element followed by the isotope’s mass number

Learning Check 16 14 14 An atom has 14 protons and 14 neutrons. 1. Its atomic number is a) 14 b) 0 c) 28 2. Its mass number is 3. The element is a) Si b) Ca c) Se 4. Another isotope of this element is a) 28X b) 34X c) 29X 16 14 14

Na 22.99 Atomic Mass What is the atomic mass? Listed on the periodic table Gives the mass of “average” atom of each element compared to 12C Average atom based on all the isotopes and their % abundance. Atomic mass is not a whole number

Masses of Atoms Why is the atomic mass not a whole number? A scale was designed for atoms to give their small atomic masses in atomic mass units (amu) An atom of 12C was assigned an exact mass of 12.00 amu The atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of the element and their percent abundance.

Calculating Atomic Mass Need the Percent(%) abundance of isotopes Also, need the Mass of each isotope of that element Atomic mass= mass isotope1(%) + mass isotope2(%) + … 100 100

Learning Check 7 Gallium is a metallic element found in small lasers used in compact disc players. In a sample of gallium, there is: 60.2% of gallium 69 atoms 39.8% of gallium 71 atoms What is the atomic mass of gallium?

Solution Atomic mass Ga = 69.8 amu 69 amu x 60.2 = 41.5 amu 100 Ga 69 (%/100) 69Ga 69 amu x 60.2 = 41.5 amu 100 Ga 71 (%/100) 71Ga 71 amu x 39.8 = 28.3 amu Atomic mass Ga = 69.8 amu