Every day life in the GILDED AGE chapter 7 1870-1915

EXPANSION OF EDUCATION SEC 1 EXPANSION OF EDUCATION *Public Schools Expanded during late 1800’s -1870’s- 2% of 17 year olds graduate -Schools taught basic skills -States created laws requiring aged 8-14 to attend school -Government established Child Labor Laws

EXPANSION OF EDUCATION IMMIGRANTS -Placed a high value on education -Taught to read/write (literacy) -Schools also played a role in assimilating immigrants into the American way of life -Adults attended night school to learn English and Civics (needed for citizenship)

HIGHER EDUCATION 1880-1900= 250 new American colleges and universities opened 1890- Average American family income= Under $1000 (Only wealthy could attend college) Women in higher education *Women’s colleges *Pressure on men’s colleges to admit women **1890- 160 BLACKS ATTENDED COLLEGE **1900- 2000 BLACKS GRADUATED COLLEGE **Both women and Blacks faced a struggle when it came to receiving a higher education.

SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUALS BOOKER T. WASHINGTON -FOUNDED A COLLEGE IN ALABAMA (Tuskegee) -MAJOR VOICE FOR ALL BLACKS Called for economic security Wanted the Blacks to assimilate to White lifestyle to earn their respect

SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUALS W.E.B DU BOIS -1ST BLACK TO GET P.H.D FROM HARVARD -FOUNDER OF THE NIAGARA MOVEMENT -REJECTED THE IDEAS OF BOOKER WASHINGTON -BELIEVED “STOP ACTING LIKE THE WHITES WANT YOU TO ACT.” TAKE PRIDE IN YOUR HERITAGE AND BECOME EDUCATED AND LEAD IN THE FIGHT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS.

NEW FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT SEC 2 NEW FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT SALOONS (MEN) DANCE HALLS (WOMEN) VAUDEVILLE- LIVE THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES

SPORTS BASEBALL - MOST POPULAR SPECTATOR SPORT -AFRICAN-AMERICANS NOT ALLOWED TO PLAY (1940) -CINCINATI RED STOCKINGS (1st Professional Team)

SPORTS FOOTBALL -EMERGED IN LATE 1800’S (WALTER CAMP) -ADAPTED FROM EUROPEAN RUGBY

SPORTS BASKETBALL INVENTED 1891 DR. JAMES NAISMITH DESIGNED TO “KEEP ATHLETES FIT DURING THE WINTER”

SPORTS WOMEN -TOOK UP ICE-SKATING, BICYCLING, BASKETBALL *BOXING AND HORSE RACING EVOLVED (NOT AS POPULAR AS BASEBALL)

NEWSPAPERS RESULTED FROM NEW TYPESETTING MACHINERY PUBLISHERS PRODUCED QUICKER, LARGER, AND MORE INTERESTING NEWSPAPERS FEATURED: COMICS, SPORTS, SUNDAY EDITIONS, WOMEN’S PAGES, STORIES “HOT OFF THE WIRE”, PICTURES YELLOW JOURNALISM- NEWS COVERAGE THAT IS SENSATIONALIZED. It was printed to sell more papers! Competition for readers!! A REFERENCE TO THE YELLOW INK IN A POPULAR COMIC STRIP OF THE ERA.

MAGAZINES AND POPULAR FICTION *MORE MAGAZINES CAME INTO WIDE CIRCULATION -COSMOPOLITAN, McCLURES *WRITERS - Books by MARK TWAIN: THE GILDED AGE THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN

AFRICAN AMERICAN INFLUENCE African American culture was absorbed into the entertainment culture Minstrel Shows- White actors acted as blacks Portrayed African American stereotypes RAGTIME- Form of Jazz music that originated among black musicians -Originated in New Orleans -Scott Joplin

SEC 3 THE WORLD OF JIM CROW NEWLY WON FREEDOMS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION DISAPPEARED * Prevented from voting * Subject to segregation laws * In order to vote a person was required to own property, pay a poll tax (fee before they could vote), and pass literacy tests *grandfather clauses: applied to whites that had voted in the past *Grandfather Clauses- Legislation that exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before that law was passed

THE WORLD OF JIM CROW JIM CROW LAWS *LEGALLY SEGREGATED SCHOOLS, PARKS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, HOSPITALS, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, DRINKING FOUNTAINS, BATHROOMS

PLESSY V. FERGUSON COURT CASE 1896 PERHAPS THE GREATEST SETBACK TO AFRICAN AMERICAN EQUALITY CASE HELD THAT SEGREGATION WAS LEGAL AS LONG AS THE SEPARATE FACILITIES PROVIDED FOR BLACKS WERE EQUAL TO THOSE PROVIDED FOR WHITES (establishment of separate but equal) “14th amendment was not intended to give blacks social equality, only political and civil equality” This court case allowed segregation to continue legally.

VIOLENCE LYNCHING was common- A Mob’s illegal seizure and execution of a person

NAACP 1909 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE- *Group fighting for the civil rights of African Americans *Got rid of grandfather clauses *Helped blacks move up in society *Used the legal system to fight discrimination.

WOMEN IN THE LATE 1800’S DEBATE OVER EQUALITY SEC 4 WOMEN IN THE LATE 1800’S DEBATE OVER EQUALITY HOW SHOULD WOMEN FIT INTO SOCIETY? -Should they be allowed to vote? -Own property? -Have income? -Access to higher education and jobs? *Some thought this would destroy their femininity

WOMEN’S WORK IN THE HOME Work was changing due to advances in technology Preparation and production of clothing was almost non-existent; replaced by: *Department Store- Retail stores that carry a wide variety of goods *Rural free delivery- Free Delivery *Mail order catalog- Catalog advertising a wide range of goods that can be purchased by mail

WOMEN’S WORK OUTSIDE THE HOME 1870- 2 Million women (1 of every 8) worked outside the home Most were single Paid 30-60% less then men American stereotype- Women did not have mental capacity for professional training Women joined various Women’s Clubs Gave them experience in speaking, writing, and financial skills National organizations: Women’s Christian Temperance Union, National American Woman Suffrage Association were created These organization gave some women their first exposure to public life

Michigan Department of Education High School Content Expectation U. S Michigan Department of Education High School Content Expectation U.S. American History and Geography 6.3.2d 6.3.2f 6.3.2e