INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Prof. A. Ramachandraiah Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal

CHARACTERSTICS OF COMPUTERS SPEED ACCURACY RELIABILITY MEMORY CAPABILITY

HARDWARE: All electrically, electronically, mechanically LINKED parts and modules making the physical existence of a computer; hardware can be seen. Examples: Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, CPU, etc. SOFTWARE: All the instructions and programs which are written for hardware to work, are known as computer software. Software can NOT be seen. Examples: Operating System, ChemOffice, C++, HTML, Java, MSOFFICE, LINUX, GNU, etc. LIVEWARE: All the human beings that are using the computer hardware and computer software are known as live ware. Examples: Programmers, Engineers, Students, Instructors, etc.

Input devices: Input devices are used to send the input to CPU Input devices: Input devices are used to send the input to CPU. Eg: Keyboard, Mouse. CPU: The full form of CPU is the Central Processing Unit. It is known as the brain of the computer. Output devices: Output devices are used to take the output from CPU. Eg: Monitor, Printer.

THE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

1st Generation: 1949 – 54 Hardware: Vacuum Tube Software Entry: Punched cards Operating System: Machine Lang. Size : Very Big Cost : Very High Processing Speed: Very Low

2nd Generation: 1955 – 64 Hardware: 1955 – 64. Software Entry: Magnetic Drum Operating System: Assembly Lang. Size : Big Cost : High Processing Speed: Low

3rd Generation: 1965 – 74 Hardware: Integrated Circuits (IC) Software Entry: Magnetic Tapes Operating System: Prog. Lang. Size : Medium Cost : Medium Processing Speed: Not Very Fast

3rd Generation: 1965 – 74 Hardware: Integrated Circuits (IC) Software Entry: Magnetic Tapes Operating System: Prog. Lang. Size : Medium Cost : Medium Processing Speed: Not Very Fast

3rd Generation: 1965 – 74 Hardware: Integrated Circuits (IC) Software Entry: Magnetic Tapes Operating System: Prog. Lang. Size : Medium Cost : Medium Processing Speed: Not Very Fast

4th Generation: 1975 – 84 Hardware: VLSIC Software Entry: Floppy Disks / Mag. Tapes Operating System: Prog. Lang. Size : Medium Cost : Medium Processing Speed: Fast

5th Generation: 1985 - Present Hardware: Micro processors and VLSIC Software Entry: Hard Discs, CD-ROMS, etc Operating System: Prog. Lang. Size : Small Cost : Affordable Processing Speed: Very Fast

TYPES OF COMPUTERS Super computers Main frame computers Mini computers Micro (personal) computers 1. Desktop model 2. Notebook computers 3. Personal digital assistants

MONITOR CPU MOUSE KEY BOARD

THE 10 MAIN ORGANS OF A TYPICAL PC An exploded view of a modern personal computer: Display 2. Motherboard 3. CPU (Microprocessor) 4. Primary storage (RAM) 5. Expansion cards (graphics cards, etc) 6. Power supply 7. Optical disc drive 8. Secondary storage (Hard disk) 9. Keyboard 10. Mouse

SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY

The Motherboard

DDR SDRAM (double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR TEACHERS IN EVERY ACTIVITY OF TEACHING

MOST IMPORTANT AND SPECIFIC USES OF COMPUTERS BY A FACULTY MEMBER TEXT DOCUMENTS with Objects Embedded POWERPOINT Presentations STRUCTURE and SHAPES DRAWINGS SCHEMATICS FLOWCHARTS AND ASSEMBLAGE DATABASES CURVE FITTINGS AND REGRESSIONS PLOTTING of Surfaces, Contours DATA PROCESSING, ESTIMATES AND STOCHOSTICS MODELING STEREOVIEWS, IMAGE MORPHOLOGY AND ANALYSIS NETWORKING and RESOURCE SHARING INTERNET, SOCIAL MEDIA, COMMUNICATIONS CYBERNETICS ONLINE COURSES WEB-HOSTING MANY MANY CUSTOMISABLE APPLICATIONS