Happy Birthday, BURA! Wishing you a long and full life Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK

It may be, but if nobody has read it, the quality doesn’t matter.” “It is no good just writing a paper that is likely to be thought excellent by anyone who reads it. It may be, but if nobody has read it, the quality doesn’t matter.” Professor Richard Barnett Vice Chancellor, University of Ulster, UK

‘Old’ paradigms Using proxy measures of an individual scientist’s merit It is a journal’s responsibility to disseminate your work Printed article is the format of record Other scientists have time to find out what you want them to know Key Perspectives Ltd

‘New’ paradigms Rich, deep, broad metrics for measuring the contributions of individual scientists Effective dissemination of your work is now in your hands (at last) The digital format will be the format of record (is already in many areas) Unless you routinely publish in Nature or Science, ‘getting it out there’ is up to you Key Perspectives Ltd

What Open Access is about Give-away literature Freely available Publicly available Permanently available Online, via the WWW Key Perspectives Ltd

What Open Access is not about NOT vanity publishing or self-publishing NOT about non-peer-reviewed literature NOT about publications that scientists expect to be paid for (e.g. books) Key Perspectives Ltd

Why we should have Open Access Greater impact from scientific endeavour More rapid and more efficient progress of science Better assessment, better monitoring, better management of science Novel information-creation using new and advanced technologies Key Perspectives Ltd

A much better term to use would have been ‘Open Access’? A much better term to use would have been Open Dissemination Key Perspectives Ltd

Why researchers publish their work Key Perspectives Ltd

“It is one of the noblest duties of a university to advance knowledge, and to diffuse it not merely among those who can attend the daily lectures — but far and wide." Daniel Coit Gilman First President, Johns Hopkins University Key Perspectives Ltd

Two ways to provide Open Access Publish in an Open Access journal (www.doaj.com) Deposit copies of published articles in an Open Access repository (‘self-archiving’) Key Perspectives Ltd

Open Access repositories c1000 worldwide Open source software (e.g. EPrints from Southampton University) Interoperable (interlinked) Form a global database of freely-accessible research Use a global indexing tool Key Perspectives Ltd

Why an institutional repository? Fulfils a university’s mission to engender, encourage and disseminate scholarly work Enables a university to compile a complete record of its intellectual effort Forms a permanent record of all digital output from an institution Enables standardised online CVs for all researchers (e.g. RAE exercise) ‘Marketing’ tool for universities Key Perspectives Ltd

Open Access increases research impact Range = 50%-200% (Courtesy Stevan Harnad and co-workers) Key Perspectives Ltd

An author’s own testimony on open access visibility “Self-archiving in the PhilSci Archive has given instant world-wide visibility to my work. As a result, I was invited to submit papers to refereed international conferences/journals and got them accepted.” Key Perspectives Ltd

Lost citations, lost impact: what this means for Brunel 2004 2005 2006 Articles 466 583 621 Citations 2506 1865 838 Average cites/article 5.38 3.20 1.35 h-index value 21 10 Key Perspectives Ltd

What could have been … Key Perspectives Ltd

And for individual scholars…. Diamond, A M (1986) What is a citation worth? J. Human Resources 21, 200 (www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v11p354y1988.pdf) Marginal value of one citation is 50-1300 USD (depending on field and number of citations: an increase from 0 to 1 citation is worth more than from 30-31 citations) Update for inflation (170%) = 86-2227 USD (say, $1000) Convert to sterling = £460 Now let’s look at one Brunel author’s situation…. Key Perspectives Ltd

Rodgers, G J Key Perspectives Ltd

Geoff Rodgers 71 articles, 464 citations Could have been 50% higher (or more) = 696 citations ‘Lost’ citations = 232 Each citation is worth £460 Value of lost impact = £106,720 Conservatively!!! Key Perspectives Ltd

The U.Southampton conundrum… The G-Factor (universitymetrics.com) Key Perspectives Ltd

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Why is Southampton so strong? Strong research base TBL et al Mandatory deposit of research output in ECS repository for 4 years (c11K items) University repository actively managed and now to have mandatory deposit All = strong web presence Key Perspectives Ltd

Usage stories UoC’s eScholarship repository logged 3 million downloads 2 years - 0.5m 1 year – 1m Next 9 months – 2m 10K records at end 2005 University of Otago Business School Launched mid-November 20K downloads by mid-February For 220 documents Key Perspectives Ltd

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Monthly downloads Key Perspectives Ltd

Daily download pattern Key Perspectives Ltd

Who is downloading Key Perspectives Ltd

Who is referring Key Perspectives Ltd

What search terms they are using Key Perspectives Ltd

Measure usage and impact (Citebase) Key Perspectives Ltd

Navigation and analysis of science output: Citebase Find researchers Measure citations to articles (not journals) Follow the citations through the literature Measure downloads (and predict citations) Use citation patterns to analyse science Key Perspectives Ltd

Publisher permissions (by journal) Key Perspectives Ltd

Publisher permissions 92% of journals permit self-archiving SHERPA/RoMEO list at: www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php Or at: http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php Key Perspectives Ltd

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“Just funding the research is a job only part done “Just funding the research is a job only part done. A fundamental part of [our] mission is to ensure the widest possible dissemination and unrestricted access to that research.” Robert Terry Senior Policy Advisor, Wellcome Trust Key Perspectives Ltd

(Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale) Key Perspectives Ltd

(Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale) Key Perspectives Ltd

(Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale) Key Perspectives Ltd

Author readiness to comply with a mandate 5% 81% Key Perspectives Ltd

Other drivers for Open Access Data sharing stipulations E-science Interdisciplinary research Scientometrics Key Perspectives Ltd

Thank you for listening aswan@keyperspectives.co.uk www.keyperspectives.co.uk/OpenAccessArchive/ Key Perspectives Ltd