Section 1: Psychodynamic Perspective Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Section 1: Psychodynamic Perspective

a pattern of enduring, distinctive Personality a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts emotions behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world (c) McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display

1. Psychodynamic Perspectives Theoretical view emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious. “Unconscious” as motivated suppression Symbolic meanings underlie behaviors Early childhood experiences sculpt the individual’s personality Photo credit: © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis (c) McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display

A. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalysis Somatoform Disorders Freudian Slip Structures of Personality The Id instincts and reservoir of psychic energy pleasure principle The Ego deals with the demands of reality reality principle The Superego moral branch of personality; “conscience”

Personality Structure Iceberg Analogy of Human Personality Ego Note: Instructor may choose to use this slide at several different points in lecture: (1) after Id/Ego/Superego are introduced; (2) after Unconscious processes and Repression are introduced; or (3) after Defense Mechanisms are enumerated. Reposition slide as appropriate. Superego Id (c) McGraw-Hill Education Permission required for reproduction or display

A. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (2) Conflict between the id, ego, and superego results in anxiety. Defense Mechanisms reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality not necessarily unhealthy Denial: disbelieve present reality Displacement: shift feelings to new object Repression: forget the unacceptable Sublimation: transform vile to valuable Projection: attribute own faults to others

A. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (3) The Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development Oral Stage: 0-18 Months infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth Anal Stage: 18-36 Months child’s pleasure involves eliminative functions Phallic Stage: 3-6 Years child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals Oedipal complex castration anxiety penis envy

A. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (4) The Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development (Continued) Latency Stage: 6 Years – Puberty psychic “time-out” interest in sexuality is repressed Genital Stage: Adolescence and Adulthood sexual reawakening source of sexual pleasure is someone else Fixation - Remain locked in particular developmental stage (e.g., anal retentive)

B. Psychodynamic Critics and Revisionists Horney’s Sociocultural Approach both sexes envy the attributes of the other need for security, not sex, is primary motivator Jung’s Analytical Theory The Collective Unconscious Archetypes Adler’s Individual Psychology perfection, not pleasure, is key motivator

C. Evaluating the Psychodynamic Perspectives Core Principles with Freud’s Theory Contributions importance of childhood experiences development proceeds in stages Individuals transform experiences, giving them meaning role of unconscious processes conflicts between inner and outer worlds personality and adjustment are worthy topics of psychological inquiry

C. Evaluating the Psychodynamic Perspectives (2) Criticisms too much emphasis on early experiences too much faith in unconscious mind’s control too much emphasis on sexuality In the past, theory was considered untestable. Now, tests of the theory are not given their due.