Chir pine based Gasification Technology Sumit Karki Ananta Gasifire Energy Pvt. Ltd.

Introduction Background In 2010 , a team of 3 people were funded by NORAD (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation) through ‘Renewable Nepal’ Total grant : 7 million Nrs. Duration : 3 years ( 2010-2013) Title : “Developed a low cost indigenous gasifier appropriate for small sized engines (5 -15 kW) used for agricultural machinery and electric generation” Work Station : Kathmandu University

Ananta Gasifier – spin off company resulted from the research work Dr. Bivek Baral ,Executive Director Sumit Karki

History of Gasification Gasification method has been used for more than 180 years Initially developed to for lighting and cooking in 1800s Was later replaced by electricity and natural gas In 1945 , it was estimated that around 9,000,000 vehicles were running on producer gas

Gasification Biomass Combustion Burning organic material Wood is most commonly used feedstock Small Scale : Stove and Fireplaces Large Scale : Biomass fed boilers to meet hot water needs, heating buildings

Biomass Gasification Conversion of organic material into CO, CO2 and H2 By supplying less oxygen than required for combustion Resulting gas mixture is known as Syn Gas or Producer gas and is itself a fuel

Applications

Chir Pine Gasification Chir pine needle is used as the fuel ‘Filter train’

Fig: Gasifier System at Madhubangoth, Sarlahi

Fig: 9 kW Gasifier System at AVANI Bio-energy , India

1 kW per 1 hour requires 2 kg of pine needles Example : 11 kW gasification system 11 kW per 1 hour : 22 kg 11 kW per 6 hours : 132 kg For 365 days operation : 48180 kg Collection Time : 2 month in a year

Success Stories Ashden Awards 2011 (The Ashden Awards uncover and reward the most exciting sustainable energy pioneers in the UK and developing world, who are leading the way to a thriving low-carbon future) Winner : Husk power systems for its success in providing electricity to villages using gasifier rice husk as fuel Husk Power’s 65 plants gasify rice husks and other biomass waste to supply electricity to around 180,000 people. (www.ashden.org)

Chir pine Case In 1999 , fire burnt forest wealth more than Irs. 600 Crore in Garhwal and Kumaon regions 5086.6 sq.km forest area burnt while 1225 sq.km affected severely AVANI Bio-energy pioneered in utilizing pine needles for productive use A study has estimated a total production of about 14.65 MW of electricity from biomass in the state (Empowering Rural India the RE way, Inspiring Success Stories, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, 2012 )

Besides electricity , it produces 10% residue which is high quality charcoal Can be used for cooking in village households 70% reduction in fuel gathering time (claimed) Environmental advantages of removing pine needles from the forest

Feasibility study and potential site identification Identification of potential sites of Mid-western region of Nepal Possibility for Chir pine needle based gasifier system First study initiated in Chir pine needles based gasification

Visit to AVANI

Free land availability/land donation by community Collection Per hectare : 5-10 tonnes (depending upon the forest) One person : upto 400-500 kg in a day Irs 1 / kg for collection Free land availability/land donation by community Certain charge/ton taken by forest department

Following sites indentified through the study Dhovan Besi Bazar , Jajarkot ChandeKarenji-6, Salyan Singhasain-6,Dailekh Singhasain-5,Dailekh Bhur-2, Jajarkot

Organizations involved/consulted District Development Committee District Forest Office Helvetas (Jajarkot) Fecofun (Jajarkot) SUDEC (Dailekh) Everest Club (Dailekh) SOSEC (Dailekh PASS/Nepal (Salyan) ASTHA/Nepal and BASE (Regional Centers of AEPC) BEC (AEPC)

Marka , Jajarkot

Total households targeted : 76 Market center for 3 VDCs (Sima, Karkigaun and Jungathapa Chaur) Good site for demonstration More than 50% of HHs involved in business Awareness in RETs: Presence of IWM,Biogas , Solar Home Systems and around 2 kW Solar PV at a school

Total hours : 10 (5 hours for domestic use and 5 for end use ) Source of biomass : Chahare Khola community forest Area : 378 Ha Total Biomass required : 161 ton / year Recommend Size : 22 kW Per HH : 289.4 w Total hours : 10 (5 hours for domestic use and 5 for end use )

Space Required : Power house location : Case of 22 kW 6 m X 8 m shed area for power house 4 m X 10 m area for power house In case of Chir pine , more storage area needed Power house location : Geographically , Marka is suitable to use gravitational method for biomass transportation

Environmental Aspects Water If Wet cleaning system used Simple treatment may be required Can opt for Dry cleaning system Air and Noise System does not release gas to atmosphere Combustion in equipments , cleaner than liquid fuels Noise levels also lower than with liquid fuels

CO emission from engine – result of unburned fuel Global Warming potential (GWP) CO : 3.2-4.5 on 20 years and 1.2 on 100 years time CH4 : 56 on 20 years time and 23 on 100 years Emission of CH4 – Producer gas engines : 20-50 mg/m3 n@5% O2 Other natural gas engines : 1000-1500 mg/m3 n@5% O2 Reduction in CH4 emissions of 30 times (“CO emissions from gas engines operating on Biomass Producer Gas , Technical University of Denmark,2016)

Sound Level

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