EF reversal EF A E B F C G D H

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+ - - + EF reversal EF A E B F C G D H + - EF - + A E 360 min 0 min B F 420 min 60 min C G 180 min 540 min D H 300 min 660 min Zhang et al., Supplemental Fig. 1 Reversal of field polarity reversed migration direction.

+ - EF A E B F C G D H EF + - EF + - Isolated hiPS cells + - EF Isolated hiPS cells big colony of hiPS cells A E 0 min B F 90 min C G 180 min D H EF + - EF + - Zhang et al., Supplemental Fig. 2 Electrotaxis of an Isolated and a large colony of hiPS cells.

* * * * * * Zhang et al., Supplemental Fig. 3 Displacement along X axis.

A B C Zhang et al. Supplemental Fig. 4. SSEA-4 Oct-4 merger A B C Zhang et al. Supplemental Fig. 4. Small electric fields did not alter expression of stem cell markers.

A B C D + - + - NO EF NO EF + Y- 27632 EF EF+ Y-27632 + - + - EF+ Y-27632 EF Zhang et al., supplemental Fig. 5 ROCK inhibition altered cell morphology and induce protrusions in hiPS cells.

A C B NO EF EF + - * * 0 h 0 h 3 h 3 h 100mV/mm 1 4 3 2 4 1 3 6 2 5 5 Zhang et al. Supplemental Fig. 6 EFs guide anodal migration of dermal fibroblasts in 2D. A, representative images showing cells migrate anodally when treated with EFs (right panel), as compared to non-EFs treated controls (left panel); B and C, quantitative analysis showing significantly increased directedness (B) and trajectory speed (C) of cells by EFs stimulation. *, P<0.01.

A C B NO EF EF + - * * 0 h 0 h 6 h 6 h 200mV/mm 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 Zhang et al. Supplemental Fig. 7 EFs guide anodal migration of dermal fibroblasts in 3D. A, representative images showing cells migrate anodally in 3D when treated with EFs (right panel), as compared to non-EFs treated controls (left panel); B and C, quantitative analysis showing significantly increased directedness (B) and trajectory speed (C) of cells in 3D by EFs stimulation. *, P<0.01.

A B C * * * * 0 h 3 h 6 h 50mV/mm 100mV/mm Zhang et al. Supplemental Fig. 8 Galvanotaxis of hiPS cells in 3D at 50mV/mm and 100mV/mm. A, representative images showing anodal migration of hiPS cells at 50mV/mm (left panel) and 100 mV/mm (right panel); B and C, quantitative analysis showing the directedness (B) and migration speed (C) of hiPS cells at indicated EFs strength. *, P<0.01.