By Don Esker NEW APPLICATIONS FOR MEDIUM AND SMALL SCALE 3D PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY
Review of Bonebed Cartography String Grid Cartography CAD Systems GIS Systems LIDAR
Review of Bonebed Cartography Photogrammetry Excellent accuracy Excellent 3D data representation Time consuming data analysis
Photogrammetry Equipment Digital Camera > 10 megapixel Rugged Remote shooting capability Canon G-10 14.7 megapixel
Photogrammetry Equipment Overhead Rig Crane cam Camera-on-a-stick
Photogrammetry Equipment Photographic Scales Large Vivid Textured Numerous
Photogrammetry Equipment Computers Good processing power Dual core processor at 2.94 GHz per core Large memory Minimum of 6 GB Powerful video card 512 MB of on-board memory Ample disk space 2 GB per section Gaming machines Image Courtesy of Wikimedia
Photogrammetry Equipment Photogrammetry Software ADAM http://www.adamtech.com.au/3dm/Analyst-Mining-Underground.html ≈ $30,000.00 Photosynth http://photosynth.net/ ≈ Free + staff time Geosynth http://www.vexcel.com/geospatial/geosynth/ ≈ $10,000.00 AGISoft http://www.agisoft.ru/products/photoscan/ ≈ $180.00 / $3,500.00
Photogrammetry Equipment Processing software MeshLab http://meshlab.sourceforge.net/ Free MadEdit http://sourceforge.net/projects/madedit/
Photogrammetry Procedures Clean area Dust Eliminate moving objects
Photogrammetry Procedures Place scales Multiple orientations Height scales
Photogrammetry Procedures Taking pictures Bright lighting No flash 2/3 overlap Limit number of pictures
Photogrammetry Procedures Build point-cloud Remove faulty photographs Crop to area under study Wait 3-4 hours
Photogrammetry Procedures Build surface Check for ‘point sprays’ Check for major distortion Crop to desired volume Wait 6-8 hours
Photogrammetry Procedures Build texture Select an appropriate resolution Wait .25-2 hours
Photogrammetry Procedures Export formats WRL For use in MadEdit For use in MeshLab STL For use in rapid prototyping / CAD PDF For general distribution
Photogrammetry Procedures Correct scale Measure in AGI or MeshLab Check for major distortion Select scales to be measured Use Excel to find correction factor X and Y should be the same Z will be slightly different Use MadEdit to correct for errors Repeat
East End Complete
Macrophotogrammetry
Microphotogrammetry
Photogrammetry Uses Remote Paleontology Site Evolution Sites that are far away Sites that are ephemeral Site Evolution Monitor excavation Monitor site damage Stereolithography Easier examination Reconstructions Exhibits
The Near Future: Photogrammetry of the Past? Photogrammetry Requirements Computers / software Appropriate images Usable Imagery Photographs taken for the purpose Existing site photography Existing film of the site Historical Photogrammetry 3D mapping of the past
Acknowledgements AGI Team MeshLab Team MadEdit Team Mammoth Site Staff Dr. Larry Agenbroad Justin Wilkins Photogrammetry Pioneers Neffra Matthews Brent Breithaupt Mike Leite Rod Horrocks Donald E. Esker Jr.
FIN Any questions? Image Courtesy of Zooborns.com