Chapter 2: The English Colonies Chapter 2 Section 1: The Southern Colonies Pages 36-41 Homework: Read pages 36-41; Make flashcards for key terms on page 36, and highlighted in notes. Do section assessment on page 41, questions 1-5

Despite a difficult beginning, the southern colonies soon flourished. 8.1 The Big Idea Despite a difficult beginning, the southern colonies soon flourished. Main Ideas The settlement in Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America. Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists. Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies.

Main Idea 1: The settlement in Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America. King James I allowed the London Company to settle in a region called Virginia. The first colonists arrived in America on April 26, 1607. They settled in Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America. The colonists were not prepared to build and farm. Two-thirds died by their first winter.

Relations with Native Americans John Smith became the leader of Jamestown in 1608. Colonists were helped by the powerful Powhatan Confederacy of Indians. More settlers arrived, but many died from famine and disease. Settler John Rolfe married Pocahontas, which helped form peaceful relations with the Powhatan. Rolfe began planting tobacco in 1610 using illegally obtained Spanish tobacco seed. Pocahontas taught him how to harvest and cure tobacco. Conflict started between colonists and the Powhatan in 1622 and lasted for 20 years. Captain John Smith John Rolfe Pocahontas

Focus Question #1 Why was the colony at Jamestown successful as the first permanent English settlement in America?

Main Idea 2: Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists. Headright System Large farms, called plantations, were established by tobacco farmers. Colonists who paid their way received 50 acres of land and 50 acres for each person they brought.

The first Africans were brought as slaves and servants in 1619. Labor Most workers were indentured servants: people who came to America for free by agreeing to work without pay for a set amount of time. Life expectancies were very short. The colony was known as “The Virginia Death Trap”. It was difficult to recruit workers. The first Africans were brought as slaves and servants in 1619. Increased work and the falling cost of slaves led colonists to use more slave labor. An artists impression of the arrival of the first Africans in America at Jamestown Virginia, August 1619 A contract of indenture from 1738

The destruction of Jamestown during Bacon’s Rebellion Large numbers of former indentured servants in Virginia. Forced to live on frontier Could not afford land in the east Resented rich land owners Feared and hated Indians Colonial officials began to tax colonists. Also carried out policy of friendly relations with Indians who traded peacefully Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the governor’s policies in 1676. Jamestown destroyed Significance of Bacon's Rebellion Planters saw white indentured servants as too difficult to control and significantly increased importation of black slaves while reducing number of indentured servants The destruction of Jamestown during Bacon’s Rebellion

Focus Question #2 In what ways was daily life in Virginia challenging to the colonists?

Main Idea 3: Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. English Catholics came to America to escape religious persecution. Maryland was founded as a refuge for Catholics by Lord Baltimore in 1634. The Maryland assembly passed the Toleration Act of 1649 to support religious tolerance. The Carolinas and Georgia expanded economic opportunities.

The Carolinas and Georgia Carolina was founded south of Virginia in 1663. It was divided into North and South Carolina in 1712. Most colonists in North Carolina were small farmers. South Carolina had large plantations with many slaves. Became center for aristocratic younger brothers of English aristocrats (due to primogeniture laws)

The Carolinas and Georgia Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors in 1733. He wanted small farms, so he outlawed slavery and limited land grants. Settlers grew unhappy, and Georgia became a royal colony. Large rice plantations worked by many slaves were created. Rice was grown as food for slaves on West Indies sugar plantations.

Main Idea 4: Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies. Economies of the South depended on agriculture. Cash crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo. The climate allowed for a long growing season; thus, more labor was needed Enslaved Africans became the main source of labor. The conditions of slavery were brutal. Lived in crowded slave cabins Clothing was poor-food was minimal Punishment was often inhuman Slave codes, or laws to control slaves, were passed.

Focus Question #3 In what ways were religious freedom and economic opportunities motives for founding other southern colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia?

The Essential Question for Chapter 2 Section 1 Why did the southern colonies flourish, despite a difficult beginning?