GEOG 1300b Physical Geography Your TA: Michael Allen

Introductions Michael Allen: Tell me: First year M.Sc. student. I study urban/surface climates with Dr. James Voogt I graduated from the University of Portland in the U.S. in May. Tell me: Your name Your favorite London restaurant/bar.

Lab Policies You: Labs are due at the beginning of the following lab section -10% if turned in after the start -10% penalty per day if you turn it in late. Taken off the base score Me: Send in your marks within 72hrs. Powerpoints are downloadable from: allenclimatelab.org

SSC 1413 11am to Noon My office is Office Hour(s): Thursday Email: mallen85@uwo.ca

Topographic Maps Show changes in elevation using contour lines

Topographic Maps Legend (on back) Adjoining Maps Map Scale/ Contour Interval

Map Scales Ratio scale: the ratio of the distance on the map to the distance in the real world. 1 “unit” on the map = 100,000 “units” on the ground

Q2: Reading Lat/Long Coordinates Latitude/Longitude shown as alternating Black/White Lines 33’ 32’ 43° 32’ 30” N, 80° 26’ 25” W In each minute’ there are 60 seconds” – so halfway in between two minutes (or lines on the map) is 30”. Locations can be rounded to nearest 10”. 31’ 29’ 28’ 27’ 26’

Example: On your map Answer: Burr Q2: Reading Lat/Long Coordinates Latitude/Longitude shown as alternating Black/White Lines Example: On your map What is at 43° 7’ 20” N, 81° 19’ 50” W? Answer: Burr

Q5: Reading UTM Coordinates UTM Coordinates show as blue lines around the map This is the same as your map (Look at the bottom left). E (easting) is used to identify the horizontal coordinate, N (northing) for vertical. All answers can be rounded to 100m. Remember that on this map: the Northing UTM coordinate is preceded by a 47, the Easting coordinate is preceded by a 4. Blue lines are drawn every 1km

Q5: Reading UTM Coordinates UTM Coordinates show as blue lines around the map Example: On your map What is at 480600 E, 4785600 N? Again, each UTM “box is 1 kilometer by 1 kilometer. This should get you through question 7. Call me around if you’re having trouble. Answer: Campground

Q8: Azimuths and Compass Bearings

45° azimuth = N 45° E bearing 123° 25’ azimuth = S 56° 35’ E bearing Q8/14: Azimuths and Compass Bearings 45° azimuth = N 45° E bearing 123° 25’ azimuth = S 56° 35’ E bearing

Q9/10: Vertical Exaggeration See the emailed “Exercise #1 information” sheet Vertical scale is the actual elevation given by each measured cm on paper. So if each measured cm represents 12m of elevation, the vertical scale is 1cm/1200cm. You already found the horizontal scale: 1/50000.

Q11: Converting Lat/Long minutes to decimal Divide minutes (26’) by 60. For question 11 you will be finding distance based on measures of latitude/longitude. For that you will have to convert coordinates in minutes to decimals. 47.(26/60)°  47.43°

Q11: Distance based on Lat/Long Coordinates This shows the distance represented by 1° of latitude. Use this and the coordinates to find the distances in question 11. Note that due to the curvature of the earth, the distance between degrees of longitude varies significantly based on latitude.

Q11: Antipodes The antipode of any spot on earth is the point on earth’s surface that is diametrically opposed to it. Two points that are antipodal to each other are connected by a straight line running through the centre of the Earth. The antipode of any place on earth is the point on earth’s surface that is diametrically opposed to it – if you were to drill straight down you would emerge in that spot. See how this works here

Q11: Calculating antipodes x° N/S, y° E/W x° S/N (180-y°) W/E 50° N, 65° 15’ E 50° S 114° 45’ W For latitude, the angle is the same with different orientation. For longitude, the angle is replaced by its supplementary angle with different orientation.

Q12: Time Zones