BIOCHEMISTRY pp. 51-60

Carbon Bonding Organic Compounds: made primarily of carbon atoms Carbon is the molecule of life

Carbon Bonding (cont) A carbon atoms has 4 e- in the outer most level So it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms Carbon Video

Carbon Bonding (cont) Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures a. Straight chain b. Branched chain c. Ring

Warm Up: Copy the pictures Below into your notes On warm up page write10/7/15 and Mr. E. Will stamp the warm up page Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures a. Straight chain b. Branched chain c. Ring

Large Carbon Molecules Monomers: smaller, simpler molecules Polymers: molecule made up of repeating monomers Macromolecule: Large polymers 4 main ones found in living organisms Draw and LABEL this image in notes

1. CARBOHYDRATES Monomer= monosaccharide (simple sugar) Ex. Glucose, and fructose Made of C, H, and O and easily recognized by ring structure but no N like in DNA!!

1. CARBOHYDRATES 2 monosaccharides = disaccharide Disaccharide 

1. CARBOHYDRATES 2 monosaccharides = disaccharide 3 or more monosaccharides = polysaccharide Ex. Starch and Cellulose Starch= many glucose monomers

1. Carbohydrates Function: broken down to provide quick energy for cells Example: sugars and starches (pastas, breads, candy etc)

KNOW THE BASIC PART OF AN AMINO ACID! 2. PROTEINS Monomer= Amino acids Made from C, H, O, and N Same basic structure but differ at functional (R) group 20 amino acids KNOW THE BASIC PART OF AN AMINO ACID!

2. PROTEINS Peptide bond: holds amino acids together Polypeptide: formed from long chains of amino acids

2. Proteins (cont) Function Used to Make: Hair, horns, skin, muscle and enzymes

2. Proteins (cont) Examples: Found in chicken, meat, tuna, and milk

3. NUCLEIC ACIDS Function: Store and transfer genetic information. Made up of C, H, O, P, N

3. NUCLEIC ACIDS Function: Store and transfer genetic information. Made up of C, H, O, P, N Monomer = nucleotide Nucleotides: 3 basic parts Phosphate group a sugar Nitrogenous base

There are four nucleotides A, C, G, T in DNA

3. NUCLEIC ACIDS Examples: DNA and RNA

4. Lipids Monomer: Fatty Acids Made up of C, H, O Long and non polar Hydrophobic: does not dissolve in water

4. Lipids Function: Store Energy Make up cell membranes (phospholipid) Used to make hormones (steroids) and waxes

4. Lipids Function: Store Energy Make up cell membranes (phospholipid) Used to make hormones (steroids) and waxes Example Foods: Fats and oils (butter, cheese, cake etc.)