Macromolecules

What does the prefix Macro mean? Large

What are the four major types of macromolecules? Carbohydrates Protein Lipids Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates- What is the ratio that they come in? What are the elements (type of atoms) that make up carbohydrates? What is the ratio that they come in? What is the purpose/job of carbs.?

Both are sugars-Same ratio, but different arrangement of atoms Both are sugars-Same ratio, but different arrangement of atoms. Can you it?

What are carbohydrates?

Monomer: One Molecule (building blocks) Polymer: Many parts that make up this large molecule.

Basically sugar (glucose) is the monomer of CARBOHYDRATES. For three points: A sugar monomer is called a ________________. Monosaccharide Glucose is a monomer- (very important)

Two sugars is known as a disaccharide Glucose + Fructose =

Three sugars is known as a Polysaccharide Glycogen: Polysaccharide Glucose stored in the liver and skeletal muscles. When the body needs energy between meals and physical activity it breaks the glycogen down into sugar.

Lipids Waxes Fats Oils Examples: Another name for lipid is: Fats. Because lipids are organic, what two types of atoms would you see in theses molecules? Carbon and Hydrogen. Waxes Fats Oils

Lipids Ex: Triglycerides - are lipids Main Job? To store energy. But lipids also: insulate and prevent water loss. Other: they are seen in fat cells. Triglyceride: when placed in an at room temperature environment, if it is a solid it is called at fat when it is a liquid it is called a oil.

Lipid Structure

Phospholipids Where are these found? In the cell membrane.

Steroids- are lipids Cholesterol Hormones

Protein Building blocks for protein are…? Amino Acids. All amino acids share the same general structure. Because animals cannot produce the amino acids they need, organisms outsource the protein. They break it down into amino acids. Essential to all life. Muscles skin, hair, and nails are made of protein.

Food rich in protein

Healthy Fats vs. Unhealthy Fats

Nucleic Acids Function: Transmit genetic info. Building blocks: Nucleotides Ex of nucleic acids: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Nucleotide: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) What is a nucleotide? Store house of chemical energy. Releases energy when the phosphate group is broken

Proteins Amino acids are held together by: Peptide bonds

Protein 3-d-Can have up to four levels in structure

Protein Function Facilitation with structure. Collagen is a protein. It forms bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Facilitation with structure: example transport protein in cell membrane. Facilitates in chemical reactions and transport materials. They are broken down more slowly, making them a longer lasting energy source