Vocabulary Important Words Headings ORGANIC CHEMIS Vocabulary Important Words Headings

What is organic chemistry? The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON Natural elements: make up 96% of the mass of a human: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (C,H,O,N) Trace elements: only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”

What is a macromolecule? A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS formed by polymerization

The types of Macromolecules: CARBOHYDRATES TEXT P. 45 NUCLEIC ACIDS TEXT P. 47 LIPIDS TEXT P. 46 PROTEINS TEXT P. 47

CARBOHYDRATES Made up of C,H,O Used as main source of energy (2 types) Sugars: quick source of energy Ex: glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose Monosaccharide-simple sugar, not decomposable to simpler sugars (fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose) Disaccharide-any of a class of sugars (sucrose, lactose) that comes from the combo of two monosaccharide molecules Polysaccharide- two or more molecules of monosaccharides: one of the more complex carbohydrates (cellulose, starch, or glycogen)

CARBS CONTINUED… 2. Starches: many sugars linked together source of energy BUT breaks down slower Used by plants for energy storage Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread, grains Starch Glucose

LIPIDS Made up mainly of C & H Used to store energy, insulation & protection Insoluble in water Saturated: has maximum number of H bonds usually solid at room temperature Unsaturated: at least one double bond causes “kinks”/bends = makes close packing much more difficult usually liquid

PROTEINS Made up of N,C,H,O Made up of groups called: amino acids--(20 in nature) proteins have a large variety of sizes & shapes If the shape changes→ it becomes a new protein Ex: when you boil an egg, the protein changes color, shape Found in muscles & cell membrane (lipid bilayer)

Proteins being made by DNA                                                                                                                                      Proteins being made by DNA Amino acids attach to the other end of our translators to form a chain. This chain is now a protein, and can be used by the body.

Nucleic Acids Made up of H,O,N,C & P Store and transmit genetic information Made up of nucleotides Two types: DNA & RNA