REPRODUCTION Unit 2, Lesson 3 Pgs. 114-121

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded or highlighted in your science book. You will see an image of a page in your book when it is necessary to highlight! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

“Hoot, Hoot” “Good Luck!” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Asexual Reproduction

What is Asexual Reproduction? Pg. 114 What is Asexual Reproduction? Asexual reproduction: one organism produces one or more new organisms that are identical to itself. The organism that produces the new organism is called parent Each new organism is called an offspring. The offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent. They can only be different if a genetic mutation happens! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A few ways animals reproduce without two parents. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Warning! Real Images of bacteria Reproduction!

“Please don’t watch me.” “Fission is so awkward.”

Binary Fission: The process by which bacteria multiplies by splitting in two. Pg. 115 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Budding During budding, an organism develops tiny buds on its body. Pg. 115 Budding During budding, an organism develops tiny buds on its body. A bud grows until it forms a new full-sized organism that is genetically identical to the parent Yeasts and Hydras reproduce by by budding.

Other Animal Examples: Sea Sponges, Coral Offspring

Fragmentation Tapeworms can reproduce asexually by fragmentation. Pg. 117 Fragmentation Tapeworms can reproduce asexually by fragmentation. Each segment of the worm can break off and become a new worm! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Fragmentation: As certain tiny worms grow to full size, they spontaneously break up into 8 or 9 pieces. Each of these fragments develops into a mature worm, and the process is repeated. (Ex: Planaria (flatworms) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Fragmentation: As certain tiny worms grow to full size, they spontaneously break up into 8 or 9 pieces. Each of these fragments develops into a mature worm, and the process is repeated. (Ex: Planaria (flatworms) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Fragmentation: As certain tiny worms grow to full size, they spontaneously break up into 8 or 9 pieces. Each of these fragments develops into a mature worm, and the process is repeated. (Ex: Planaria (flatworms) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Pg. 117 Regeneration Organisms such as starfish reproduce asexually by regeneration.

Regeneration of Body Parts

Pg. 115 Spores A spore is a specialized cell that can survive harsh conditions. Produced asexually by one parent Can develop into an organism, such as a fungus

Vegetative Reproduction (PLANTS) Pg. 115 Vegetative Reproduction (PLANTS) Some plants can reproduce asexually. Runners are aboveground stems from which new plants can grow Tubers are underground stems from which new plants can grow Plantlets are tiny plants that grow along the edges of plant leaves

Runners

Tubers

Plantlets

What is Sexual Reproduction? Pg. 116 What is Sexual Reproduction? In sexual reproduction, 2 parents each contribute a sex cell to the new organism. Half the genes in the offspring come from each parent Offspring is NOT identical to either parent They have a combination of traits from each parent Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Fertilization One parent is male and the other is female Pg. 116 Fertilization One parent is male and the other is female Males produce sperm cells Females produce eggs A sperm cell and an egg join together in a process called Fertilization. When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, a new cell is formed Called a Zygote, which develops into a new organism by mitosis Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

creates genetic variation Sexual Reproduction: Genetic material from two different individuals combines into a genetically unique offspring. Sexual reproduction creates genetic variation Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

creates genetic variation Sexual Reproduction: Genetic material from two different individuals combines into a genetically unique offspring. Sexual reproduction creates genetic variation Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

creates genetic variation Sexual Reproduction: Genetic material from two different individuals combines into a genetically unique offspring. Sexual reproduction creates genetic variation Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

All plants can reproduce sexually (two parents). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

All plants undergo sexual reproduction (two parents). When the sperm (pollen) and egg (ovule) come together you get a zygote (seed) / baby plant. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Gymnosperm: Non-flowering, seeds usually arranged on a cone Gymnosperm: Non-flowering, seeds usually arranged on a cone. The cone is the reproductive organ! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Wow!, That’s a big cone!

“I could sure go for a sno-cone.”

Look at the size of this cone.

One Big Cone

A B Which cone is the male cone, and cone is the female cone? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A B Which cone is the male cone, and cone is the female cone? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Female A B Which cone is the male cone, and cone is the female cone? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Female A B Which cone is the male cone, and cone is the female cone? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which cone is the male cone, and cone is the female cone? B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which is the male cone (pollen producer), and which is female (egg)? B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which is the male cone (pollen producer), and which is female (egg)? B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which is the male cone (pollen producer), and which is female (egg)? B Female Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which is the male cone (pollen producer), and which is female (egg)? B Female Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which is the male cone (pollen producer), and which is female (egg)? B Male Female Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Try again, Which is male, and which is female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Try again, Which is male, and which is female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Male Try again, Which is male, and which is female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Male Try again, Which is male, and which is female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Male Female Try again, Which is male, and which is female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Flower: The reproductive organ of a plant that makes the seed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Area of Focus: Parts of a Flower.

What does the perfect flower look like? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A Perfect Flower: A flower that has both the male parts and female parts in the same flower. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Imperfect Flower: A flower that has either all male parts or all female parts, but not both in the same flower. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Step by step drawing Full to half a page needed

Stamen – Male part of flower -

Filament: Supports the anther.

Filament: Supports the anther.

Filament: Supports the anther.

Anther: Part of the stamen that holds the pollen.

Anther: Part of the stamen that holds the pollen.

Stamen (Male)

Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? B

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? and the anther is… B

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? B

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? B

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? B Filament

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? B Filament

Which is the filament, and which is the anther? Where is the pollen? B Filament

Pistil: Female part of flower - Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Stigma: Sticky bulb in the center that receives the pollen grains. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Female Part of the Flower

Style: Long stalk that the stigma sits on top of. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

How Stylish?

Style

Style? D C A B E

Style? D C A B E

Ovary: On bottom of the flower, has the the ovules that will become seeds. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

C A D B E Ovary? F

C A D B E Ovary? F

C A D B E Ovary? F

Ovule: The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Anther Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Pistil (Female) Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Pistil (Female) Stigma Anther Pistil (Female) Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Pistil (Female) Stigma Anther Pistil (Female) Style Stamen (Male) filament

Anther Pistil (Female) Ovary Stigma Anther Pistil (Female) Style Stamen (Male) filament Ovary

Ovule Anther Pistil (Female) Ovary (Egg) Stigma Stamen (Male) Style filament Ovary (Egg)

Petal: The colorful, often bright part of the flower. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Petal: The colorful, often bright part of the flower. They attract pollinators. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Ovule Sepal Anther Pistil (Female) Ovary (Egg) Receptacle Stigma Style Stamen (Male) Ovule filament Ovary (Egg) Sepal Receptacle

Petals Ovule Sepal Anther Pistil (Female) Ovary (Egg) Receptacle Stigma Anther Pistil (Female) Style Stamen (Male) Ovule filament Ovary (Egg) Sepal Receptacle

Nectar Guides

This is how you see the flower. Visible Light

Visible Light UV – Ultra Violet Light This is how you see the flower. Visible Light This is how many insects see the flower. UV – Ultra Violet Light

B A Which animation is sexual reproduction and which is asexual? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Which animation is sexual reproduction and which is asexual? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Sexual Reproduction B A Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Advantages of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Pg. 118 Pg. 119 Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Can reproduce quickly Ensures that favorable traits are passed on to offspring No need for a partner/mate All offspring (not just female) can produce more offspring Advantages of Sexual Reproduction Increases genetic variation Offspring have different traits that improve the chance that at least some will survive Higher chance of survival

Advantages of Using BOTH Types of Reproduction Pg. 119 Some organisms can use both types of reproduction! Increases the chance a species will survive