While reviewing the PowerPoint use the outline for Addiction Follow the PowerPoint with the outline When bubbles come up it means it is increasing When bubbles come down it means it is decreasing – EX: Endorphins bubbles go up and then later bubbles go down (increasing and then decreasing) There are 3 forms of treatment, you may google either AA or Moderation Management for more information Medical information is in the outline

ADDICTION A DISORDER IN WHICH THE AFFECTED PERSON LOSES CONTROL OVER HIS OR HER INTAKE OF A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE AND DEMONSTRATES PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE ON THE SUBSTANCE

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE: PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE: CRAVING COMPULSIVE DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIOR UNABLE TO NOT THINK ABOUT THE DRUG PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE: ALTERED PHYSIOLOGY IN THE ABSENCE OF THE DRUG CHARACTERIZED BY WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

Hedonic Homeostatic Dysregulation Model Alterations in the reward pathway Mesolimbic pathway – brain stem to the limbic system Addiction is a downward spiraling process that proceeds from an initial failure in self-regulation to a large scale breakdown in self-regulation

1. PREOCCUPATION-ANTICIPATION STAGE 3. WITHDRAWAL-NEGATIVE AFFECT STAGE 2. BINGE-INTOXICATION STAGE

PREOCCUPATION-ANTICIPATION STAGE ADDICT IS PREOCCUPIED WITH OBTAINING THE DRUG AND CONTSTANTLY ANTICIPATES ITS INGESTION

PREOCCUPATION-ANTICIPATION STAGE STRESS HORMONES IN RESPONSE TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS ENDORPHINS DOPAMINE

BINGE-INTOXICATION STAGE the addict ingests the drug in an uncontrolled manner and relishes the effects of the drug

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT BINGE-INTOXICATION STAGE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT ENDORPHINS DOPAMINE

WITHDRAWAL-NEGATIVE AFFECT STAGE abstaining from the drug result in feeling miserable and engaging in negative affect (a really, really bad mood)

WITHDRAWAL-NEGATIVE AFFECT STAGE NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT STRESS HORMONES ENDORPHINS AND DOPAMINE

TOLERANCE SENSITIZATION A DECREASE IN EFFECT AFTER REPEATED USE AN INCREASE IN EFFECT AFTER REPEATED USE

WHAT AA DOES: WHAT AA DOES NOT DO: 1. SHARE EXPERIENCES 2. TWELVE STEPS 3. SPEAKERS 4. DISCUSSIONS 5. STEP MEETINGS WHAT AA DOES NOT DO: 1. SOLICIT MEMBERS 2. INITIATE RECOVERY 3. KEEP RECORDS 4. OFFER RELIGION 5. PROVIDE NECESSITIES 6. COUNSELING 7. ACCEPT MONEY 8. INTERVENE IN COURT

BEHAVIORAL CHANGE PROGRAM EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS TO CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR IF YOU CHANGE THE RESPONSE TO THE CYCLE THEN YOUR BODY WILL ADJUST AND ALSO CHANGE ITS RESPONSE TO THE CYCLE. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION – REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT TAKE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY HELP OTHER PEOPLE SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-MANAGEMENT RESPECT AND DIGNITY

GLUTAMATE cAMP CAN ALTER GENE EXPRESSION AND NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE INCREASE IN RECEPTORS IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA - THE REWARD CENTER OF THE BRAIN SOME GENES WILL FAIL TO PRODUCE NECESSARY PROTEINS CAN EXPLAIN SENSITIZATION INCREASE IN CRAVING INCREASE IN DRUG-SEEKING CAN EXPLAIN INCREASE IN STRESS HORMONES INCREASE IN DRUG-SEEKING CAN EXPLAIN INCREASE IN INTOLERABLE SYMPTOMS INCREASE IN DRUG-SEEKING

RELIEVING PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE MEDICAL TREATMENT MOST TREATMENTS, INCLUDING AA AND MM, TREAT ONLY THE PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE – TRYING TO CONTROL THE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS – ESSENTIALLY BREAKING THE CYCLE SO THAT IT DOES NOT FEEL BAD RELIEVING PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE USE DRUGS THAT INCREASE DOPAMINE FUNCTION 2. USE DRUGS THAT INCREASE SEROTONIN OR ENDORPHIN ACTIVITY 3. ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION – INCREASE GABA ACTIVITY 4. GLUTAMATE ANTAGONISTS – DECREASE THE EFFECT OF GLUTAMATE

Pros and Cons CONS PROS Alcoholics Anonymous Moderation Management Symptom Substitution Still using Drug Change Drugs Alcoholics Anonymous Moderation Management Medical Model PROS Addicts get sober Addicts control their behavior Addicts change psychological dependence